Wikipedia lgwiki https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olupapula_Olusooka MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3694 65574 65570 2026-07-30T12:02:26Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekiba 65574 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler'''(20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. cpuurn8f5paqzc2xrg89354l8pzrt88 65578 65574 2026-07-30T12:31:08Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekiba 65578 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler'''(20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". k8oh5q6f615edf9zg80q3howeolrg09 65582 65578 2026-07-30T12:52:22Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekiba 65582 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler'''(20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. eoparh3s4d71sy0n6uxv7ysq7uz9n1t 65602 65582 2026-07-30T14:25:55Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekiba 65602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler'''(20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu [[Vienna|kibuga Vienna]], ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. gbkqvxixhukwfzhc5v4rcjy8kaz4l2y 65604 65602 2026-07-30T14:33:44Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekiba 65604 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler'''(20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu [[Vienna|kibuga Vienna]], ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. nqf1lsdbja2wgbz3n0bq3cnmso9egwv 65606 65604 2026-07-30T14:39:18Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekiba 65606 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler'''(20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. pmj14oh6vyep3fmpbuq73c79o0812is 65607 65606 2026-07-30T14:43:27Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekiba 65607 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. 9ocxezbc59jnzvk77vrvewkqguby5ry 65611 65607 2026-07-30T14:49:06Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekiba 65611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. 4nmraxv78inbcoviypcf438t4l6g9ck 65615 65611 2026-07-30T14:55:03Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Malirizza ekiba 65615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". kqub7b5shaepn3qofab2zg8mzoulf6p 65616 65615 2026-07-30T14:59:46Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekiba 65616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. 8cb6mi2syo6ooel2ma5z0k5a193z3j1 65695 65616 2026-07-31T04:35:40Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntademu omutwe 65695 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === g6d524ow0hri058qzftgvo1dn877zl3 65696 65695 2026-07-31T04:36:24Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntaddemu ekiba 65696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, 1j4dc0cq689377dykd9kh3is1yqni2d 65697 65696 2026-07-31T04:43:08Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Malirizza ekiba 65697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. fhayqh8sbgx2ws7qsm4f5g4lc0di5at 65698 65697 2026-07-31T04:48:15Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntandise ekiba 65698 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. q3vgnx94e9x88uw42izczvzim6wxg93 65701 65698 2026-07-31T04:52:25Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 65701 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. h073dcs8x4fclgenfd6p382kufonlh5 65709 65701 2026-07-31T05:07:17Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Malirizza ekiba 65709 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. smyuawcli3slrjxw2g3fcv15e51buu9 65713 65709 2026-07-31T05:14:40Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntandise ekiba 65713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. Hitler yayogera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwe mu Ssematalo I nga "ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yayitamu" era n'atenderezebwa abaduumizi be olw'obuzira bwe. Obumanyirivu bwe mu kiseera ky’olutalo bwanyweza okwagala eggwanga lye, era kyamunakuwaza nnyo olwa Bugirimaani okuwanika mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1918. Okunyiiga kwe olw’okuwnagula mu lutalo kwayogera okuzimba endowooza ye. 6comd0wrw8efl7phbxqv2vwvzup7yh8 65717 65713 2026-07-31T05:20:46Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Malirizza ekiba 65717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. Hitler yayogera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwe mu Ssematalo I nga "ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yayitamu" era n'atenderezebwa abaduumizi be olw'obuzira bwe. Obumanyirivu bwe mu kiseera ky’olutalo bwanyweza okwagala eggwanga lye, era kyamunakuwaza nnyo olwa Bugirimaani okuwanika mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1918. Okunyiiga kwe olw’okuwnagula mu lutalo kwayogera okuzimba endowooza ye. Okufaananako n’aba Girimaani abalala abaagala eggwanga lyabwe, naye yali akkiririza mu {{Lang|de|Dolchstoßlegende}} ( stab-in-the-back myth ), eyagamba nti amagye ga Girimaani, "agatawangulwa mu lutalo", "gaali gafumitiddwa mu mugongo" ku ludda lw'awaka abakulembeze ba bulijjo, Abayudaaya, aba Marxist, n'abo abassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okukomya entalo eyakomya olutalo —oluvannyuma ne batuumibwa "abamenyi b'amateeka ba November". g9owxdq06omnbs66dblyg85frxswic0 65719 65717 2026-07-31T05:24:02Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Ntandise ekiba 65719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. Hitler yayogera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwe mu Ssematalo I nga "ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yayitamu" era n'atenderezebwa abaduumizi be olw'obuzira bwe. Obumanyirivu bwe mu kiseera ky’olutalo bwanyweza okwagala eggwanga lye, era kyamunakuwaza nnyo olwa Bugirimaani okuwanika mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1918. Okunyiiga kwe olw’okuwnagula mu lutalo kwayogera okuzimba endowooza ye. Okufaananako n’aba Girimaani abalala abaagala eggwanga lyabwe, naye yali akkiririza mu {{Lang|de|Dolchstoßlegende}} ( stab-in-the-back myth ), eyagamba nti amagye ga Girimaani, "agatawangulwa mu lutalo", "gaali gafumitiddwa mu mugongo" ku ludda lw'awaka abakulembeze ba bulijjo, Abayudaaya, aba Marxist, n'abo abassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okukomya entalo eyakomya olutalo —oluvannyuma ne batuumibwa "abamenyi b'amateeka ba November". Okusingira ddala baawakanya enyingo 231, gye baataputa ng’elangirira nti Bugirimaani y’evunaanyizibwa ku lutalo luno. Endagaano ya Versailles n’embeera y’ebyenfuna, embeera z’abantu, n’ebyobufuzi mu Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, oluvannyuma Hitler yabikozesa okufunamu mu by’obufuzi. 6d1zfc3mchrrbec8kv5624spastpmac 65721 65719 2026-07-31T05:25:38Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Malirizza ekiba 65721 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. Hitler yayogera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwe mu Ssematalo I nga "ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yayitamu" era n'atenderezebwa abaduumizi be olw'obuzira bwe. Obumanyirivu bwe mu kiseera ky’olutalo bwanyweza okwagala eggwanga lye, era kyamunakuwaza nnyo olwa Bugirimaani okuwanika mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1918. Okunyiiga kwe olw’okuwnagula mu lutalo kwayogera okuzimba endowooza ye. Okufaananako n’aba Girimaani abalala abaagala eggwanga lyabwe, naye yali akkiririza mu {{Lang|de|Dolchstoßlegende}} ( stab-in-the-back myth ), eyagamba nti amagye ga Girimaani, "agatawangulwa mu lutalo", "gaali gafumitiddwa mu mugongo" ku ludda lw'awaka abakulembeze ba bulijjo, Abayudaaya, aba Marxist, n'abo abassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okukomya entalo eyakomya olutalo —oluvannyuma ne batuumibwa "abamenyi b'amateeka ba November". Endagaano ya Versailles yalambika nti Girimaani yalina okulekawo ebitundu byayo ebiwerako n'okuggya amagye mu Rhineland . Endagaano eno yassaawo envumbo ku by’enfuna era n’esolooza ssente nnyingi ku ggwanga. Abagirimaani bangi baalaba endagaano eyo ng’okuswazibwa okutali kwa bwenkanya. Okusingira ddala baawakanya enyingo 231, gye baataputa ng’elangirira nti Bugirimaani y’evunaanyizibwa ku lutalo luno. Endagaano ya Versailles n’embeera y’ebyenfuna, embeera z’abantu, n’ebyobufuzi mu Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, oluvannyuma Hitler yabikozesa okufunamu mu by’obufuzi. 11rn0qgpjtif0p2zlwqgoofab02dfwb 65730 65721 2026-07-31T06:14:27Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Created by translating the section "Entry into politics" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366970820|Adolf Hitler]]" 65730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. Hitler yayogera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwe mu Ssematalo I nga "ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yayitamu" era n'atenderezebwa abaduumizi be olw'obuzira bwe. Obumanyirivu bwe mu kiseera ky’olutalo bwanyweza okwagala eggwanga lye, era kyamunakuwaza nnyo olwa Bugirimaani okuwanika mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1918. Okunyiiga kwe olw’okuwnagula mu lutalo kwayogera okuzimba endowooza ye. Okufaananako n’aba Girimaani abalala abaagala eggwanga lyabwe, naye yali akkiririza mu {{Lang|de|Dolchstoßlegende}} ( stab-in-the-back myth ), eyagamba nti amagye ga Girimaani, "agatawangulwa mu lutalo", "gaali gafumitiddwa mu mugongo" ku ludda lw'awaka abakulembeze ba bulijjo, Abayudaaya, aba Marxist, n'abo abassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okukomya entalo eyakomya olutalo —oluvannyuma ne batuumibwa "abamenyi b'amateeka ba November". Endagaano ya Versailles yalambika nti Girimaani yalina okulekawo ebitundu byayo ebiwerako n'okuggya amagye mu Rhineland . Endagaano eno yassaawo envumbo ku by’enfuna era n’esolooza ssente nnyingi ku ggwanga. Abagirimaani bangi baalaba endagaano eyo ng’okuswazibwa okutali kwa bwenkanya. Okusingira ddala baawakanya enyingo 231, gye baataputa ng’elangirira nti Bugirimaani y’evunaanyizibwa ku lutalo luno. Endagaano ya Versailles n’embeera y’ebyenfuna, embeera z’abantu, n’ebyobufuzi mu Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, oluvannyuma Hitler yabikozesa okufunamu mu by’obufuzi. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). 0gpapp1vk2vr5pgvw7fjhnqhpl7ut41 65737 65730 2026-07-31T07:26:53Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Created by translating the section "Entry into politics" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366970820|Adolf Hitler]]" 65737 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. Hitler yayogera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwe mu Ssematalo I nga "ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yayitamu" era n'atenderezebwa abaduumizi be olw'obuzira bwe. Obumanyirivu bwe mu kiseera ky’olutalo bwanyweza okwagala eggwanga lye, era kyamunakuwaza nnyo olwa Bugirimaani okuwanika mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1918. Okunyiiga kwe olw’okuwnagula mu lutalo kwayogera okuzimba endowooza ye. Okufaananako n’aba Girimaani abalala abaagala eggwanga lyabwe, naye yali akkiririza mu {{Lang|de|Dolchstoßlegende}} ( stab-in-the-back myth ), eyagamba nti amagye ga Girimaani, "agatawangulwa mu lutalo", "gaali gafumitiddwa mu mugongo" ku ludda lw'awaka abakulembeze ba bulijjo, Abayudaaya, aba Marxist, n'abo abassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okukomya entalo eyakomya olutalo —oluvannyuma ne batuumibwa "abamenyi b'amateeka ba November". Endagaano ya Versailles yalambika nti Girimaani yalina okulekawo ebitundu byayo ebiwerako n'okuggya amagye mu Rhineland . Endagaano eno yassaawo envumbo ku by’enfuna era n’esolooza ssente nnyingi ku ggwanga. Abagirimaani bangi baalaba endagaano eyo ng’okuswazibwa okutali kwa bwenkanya. Okusingira ddala baawakanya enyingo 231, gye baataputa ng’elangirira nti Bugirimaani y’evunaanyizibwa ku lutalo luno. Endagaano ya Versailles n’embeera y’ebyenfuna, embeera z’abantu, n’ebyobufuzi mu Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, oluvannyuma Hitler yabikozesa okufunamu mu by’obufuzi. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. fvurdj3n7cubv66ngaqcsr1oclddgok 65741 65737 2026-07-31T07:33:17Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Created by translating the section "Entry into politics" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366970820|Adolf Hitler]]" 65741 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. Hitler yayogera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwe mu Ssematalo I nga "ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yayitamu" era n'atenderezebwa abaduumizi be olw'obuzira bwe. Obumanyirivu bwe mu kiseera ky’olutalo bwanyweza okwagala eggwanga lye, era kyamunakuwaza nnyo olwa Bugirimaani okuwanika mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1918. Okunyiiga kwe olw’okuwnagula mu lutalo kwayogera okuzimba endowooza ye. Okufaananako n’aba Girimaani abalala abaagala eggwanga lyabwe, naye yali akkiririza mu {{Lang|de|Dolchstoßlegende}} ( stab-in-the-back myth ), eyagamba nti amagye ga Girimaani, "agatawangulwa mu lutalo", "gaali gafumitiddwa mu mugongo" ku ludda lw'awaka abakulembeze ba bulijjo, Abayudaaya, aba Marxist, n'abo abassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okukomya entalo eyakomya olutalo —oluvannyuma ne batuumibwa "abamenyi b'amateeka ba November". Endagaano ya Versailles yalambika nti Girimaani yalina okulekawo ebitundu byayo ebiwerako n'okuggya amagye mu Rhineland . Endagaano eno yassaawo envumbo ku by’enfuna era n’esolooza ssente nnyingi ku ggwanga. Abagirimaani bangi baalaba endagaano eyo ng’okuswazibwa okutali kwa bwenkanya. Okusingira ddala baawakanya enyingo 231, gye baataputa ng’elangirira nti Bugirimaani y’evunaanyizibwa ku lutalo luno. Endagaano ya Versailles n’embeera y’ebyenfuna, embeera z’abantu, n’ebyobufuzi mu Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, oluvannyuma Hitler yabikozesa okufunamu mu by’obufuzi. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:   j9a1jlbr6la5t07u85jq93r8c3gfl8c 65743 65741 2026-07-31T07:47:21Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Created by translating the section "Entry into politics" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366970820|Adolf Hitler]]" 65743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. Hitler yayogera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwe mu Ssematalo I nga "ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yayitamu" era n'atenderezebwa abaduumizi be olw'obuzira bwe. Obumanyirivu bwe mu kiseera ky’olutalo bwanyweza okwagala eggwanga lye, era kyamunakuwaza nnyo olwa Bugirimaani okuwanika mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1918. Okunyiiga kwe olw’okuwnagula mu lutalo kwayogera okuzimba endowooza ye. Okufaananako n’aba Girimaani abalala abaagala eggwanga lyabwe, naye yali akkiririza mu {{Lang|de|Dolchstoßlegende}} ( stab-in-the-back myth ), eyagamba nti amagye ga Girimaani, "agatawangulwa mu lutalo", "gaali gafumitiddwa mu mugongo" ku ludda lw'awaka abakulembeze ba bulijjo, Abayudaaya, aba Marxist, n'abo abassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okukomya entalo eyakomya olutalo —oluvannyuma ne batuumibwa "abamenyi b'amateeka ba November". Endagaano ya Versailles yalambika nti Girimaani yalina okulekawo ebitundu byayo ebiwerako n'okuggya amagye mu Rhineland . Endagaano eno yassaawo envumbo ku by’enfuna era n’esolooza ssente nnyingi ku ggwanga. Abagirimaani bangi baalaba endagaano eyo ng’okuswazibwa okutali kwa bwenkanya. Okusingira ddala baawakanya enyingo 231, gye baataputa ng’elangirira nti Bugirimaani y’evunaanyizibwa ku lutalo luno. Endagaano ya Versailles n’embeera y’ebyenfuna, embeera z’abantu, n’ebyobufuzi mu Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, oluvannyuma Hitler yabikozesa okufunamu mu by’obufuzi. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:   == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:  Yali azze mu nnyumba gye yali taberangamu, ng'ayambadde gaita, ekikooti, enkoofiira ennene, era ng'akutte omuggo.... Oluvannyuma, yasobola okutandika okwogera. Yayogera nnyo, nga tawummula. Yayigiriza. Yatuboggolera ng'omusomesa w'eddiini mu magye. Tetwamuwakanya n'akatono, oba okugezaako okwawukana mu ngeri yonna, naye yatandika okutuboggolera. Abaweereza baalowooza nti baali batulumba era ne badduka okututaasa. Bwe yali amaze okugenda, twatuula kasirise, nga tukyamuse era nga tetuli basanyufu n'akamu. Waaliwo okuwulira ennaku, nga bwobeera mu ggaali y'omukka ne wesangang'oli wamu n'omuntu aliko ekikyamu ku bwongo. Mu Gwokubiri 1921, nga asoolobye kukyusakyusa abantu, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abasukka mu 6,000. Okusobola okulanga olukiiko luno, loole bbiri ezaali zijjudde abawagizi b’ekibiina baavuga okwetoloola Munich nga bawanika bendera za swastika n’okugabira abantu obupapula. Mu bbanga ttono Hitler yafuna ettutumu olw’okwogera kwe okw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ng’awakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, bannabyabufuzi abaali bavuganya, n’okusingira ddala ng’awakanya Abamarx n’Abayudaaya. 7u47oqtjja7l2ncprspc6yh7lqgobqy 65746 65743 2026-07-31T07:55:56Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Created by translating the section "Entry into politics" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366970820|Adolf Hitler]]" 65746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. Hitler yayogera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwe mu Ssematalo I nga "ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yayitamu" era n'atenderezebwa abaduumizi be olw'obuzira bwe. Obumanyirivu bwe mu kiseera ky’olutalo bwanyweza okwagala eggwanga lye, era kyamunakuwaza nnyo olwa Bugirimaani okuwanika mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1918. Okunyiiga kwe olw’okuwnagula mu lutalo kwayogera okuzimba endowooza ye. Okufaananako n’aba Girimaani abalala abaagala eggwanga lyabwe, naye yali akkiririza mu {{Lang|de|Dolchstoßlegende}} ( stab-in-the-back myth ), eyagamba nti amagye ga Girimaani, "agatawangulwa mu lutalo", "gaali gafumitiddwa mu mugongo" ku ludda lw'awaka abakulembeze ba bulijjo, Abayudaaya, aba Marxist, n'abo abassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okukomya entalo eyakomya olutalo —oluvannyuma ne batuumibwa "abamenyi b'amateeka ba November". Endagaano ya Versailles yalambika nti Girimaani yalina okulekawo ebitundu byayo ebiwerako n'okuggya amagye mu Rhineland . Endagaano eno yassaawo envumbo ku by’enfuna era n’esolooza ssente nnyingi ku ggwanga. Abagirimaani bangi baalaba endagaano eyo ng’okuswazibwa okutali kwa bwenkanya. Okusingira ddala baawakanya enyingo 231, gye baataputa ng’elangirira nti Bugirimaani y’evunaanyizibwa ku lutalo luno. Endagaano ya Versailles n’embeera y’ebyenfuna, embeera z’abantu, n’ebyobufuzi mu Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, oluvannyuma Hitler yabikozesa okufunamu mu by’obufuzi. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:   == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:  Yali azze mu nnyumba gye yali taberangamu, ng'ayambadde gaita, ekikooti, enkoofiira ennene, era ng'akutte omuggo.... Oluvannyuma, yasobola okutandika okwogera. Yayogera nnyo, nga tawummula. Yayigiriza. Yatuboggolera ng'omusomesa w'eddiini mu magye. Tetwamuwakanya n'akatono, oba okugezaako okwawukana mu ngeri yonna, naye yatandika okutuboggolera. Abaweereza baalowooza nti baali batulumba era ne badduka okututaasa. Bwe yali amaze okugenda, twatuula kasirise, nga tukyamuse era nga tetuli basanyufu n'akamu. Waaliwo okuwulira ennaku, nga bwobeera mu ggaali y'omukka ne wesangang'oli wamu n'omuntu aliko ekikyamu ku bwongo. Mu Gwokubiri 1921, nga asoolobye kukyusakyusa abantu, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abasukka mu 6,000. Okusobola okulanga olukiiko luno, loole bbiri ezaali zijjudde abawagizi b’ekibiina baavuga okwetoloola Munich nga bawanika bendera za swastika n’okugabira abantu obupapula. Mu bbanga ttono Hitler yafuna ettutumu olw’okwogera kwe okw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ng’awakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, bannabyabufuzi abaali bavuganya, n’okusingira ddala ng’awakanya Abamarx n’Abayudaaya. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:  Yali azze mu nnyumba gye yali taberangamu, ng'ayambadde gaita, ekikooti, enkoofiira ennene, era ng'akutte omuggo.... Oluvannyuma, yasobola okutandika okwogera. Yayogera nnyo, nga tawummula. Yayigiriza. Yatuboggolera ng'omusomesa w'eddiini mu magye. Tetwamuwakanya n'akatono, oba okugezaako okwawukana mu ngeri yonna, naye yatandika okutuboggolera. Abaweereza baalowooza nti baali batulumba era ne badduka okututaasa. Bwe yali amaze okugenda, twatuula kasirise, nga tukyamuse era nga tetuli basanyufu n'akamu. Waaliwo okuwulira ennaku, nga bwobeera mu ggaali y'omukka ne wesangang'oli wamu n'omuntu aliko ekikyamu ku bwongo. Mu Gwokubiri 1921, nga asoolobye kukyusakyusa abantu, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abasukka mu 6,000. Okusobola okulanga olukiiko luno, loole bbiri ezaali zijjudde abawagizi b’ekibiina baavuga okwetoloola Munich nga bawanika bendera za swastika n’okugabira abantu obupapula. Mu bbanga ttono Hitler yafuna ettutumu olw’okwogera kwe okw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ng’awakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, bannabyabufuzi abaali bavuganya, n’okusingira ddala ng’awakanya Abamarx n’Abayudaaya. Mu Gwomukaaga 1921, Hitler ne Eckart bwe baali ku lugendo lw’okusonda ssente e Berlin, obuyeekera bwabalukawo mu kibiina ky’Abanazi mu Munich. Abakiise ku kakiiko kaayo akafuzi baayagala okwegatta ku kibiina kya German Socialist Party (DSP) ekisangibwa mu kibuga Nuremberg. Hitler yaddayo e Munich nga 11 Ogwomusanvu era mu busungu n’awaayo okulekulira kwe. Abakiise ku kakiiko baakitegeera nti okulekulira kw’omuntu waabwe omukulu mu lujjudde era omwogezi kyanditegeeza nti ekibiina kiweddewo. Hitler yalangirira nti agenda kuddamu okwegatta ku kakwakkulizo nti agenda kudda mu bigere bya Drexler ku bwa ssentebe bw’ekibiina, era nti ekitebe ky’ekibiina kigenda kusigala mu Munich. Akakiiko kakkiriza, era n’addamu okwegatta ku kibiina nga 26 Ogwomusanvu nga mmemba 3,680. Hitler yasigala ayolekagana n’okuwakanyizibwa okumu mu kibiina ky’Abanazi. Abaawakanya Hitler mu bukulembeze mwalimu Hermann Esser eyagobebwa mu kibiina, era ne bakuba kkopi 3,000 ez’akatabo akaalumba Hitler ng’omuli w'olukwe mu kibiina. Mu nnaku ezaddirira, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abangi abawerako era ne yeewozaako ku Esser, ne bakuba emizira egy’amaanyi. Enkola ye yatuuka ku buwanguzi, era mu ttabamiruka ow’enjawulo ow’ekibiina nga 29 Ogwomusanvu, yaweebwa obuyinza obujjuvu nga ssentebe w’ekibiina, n’adda mu bigere bya Drexler, n’obululu 533 ku 1. 7jkxu3wpkdxk1co5q9x2ugs3qa7l6tw 65753 65746 2026-07-31T08:30:52Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Created by translating the section "Entry into politics" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366970820|Adolf Hitler]]" 65753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. Hitler yayogera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwe mu Ssematalo I nga "ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yayitamu" era n'atenderezebwa abaduumizi be olw'obuzira bwe. Obumanyirivu bwe mu kiseera ky’olutalo bwanyweza okwagala eggwanga lye, era kyamunakuwaza nnyo olwa Bugirimaani okuwanika mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1918. Okunyiiga kwe olw’okuwnagula mu lutalo kwayogera okuzimba endowooza ye. Okufaananako n’aba Girimaani abalala abaagala eggwanga lyabwe, naye yali akkiririza mu {{Lang|de|Dolchstoßlegende}} ( stab-in-the-back myth ), eyagamba nti amagye ga Girimaani, "agatawangulwa mu lutalo", "gaali gafumitiddwa mu mugongo" ku ludda lw'awaka abakulembeze ba bulijjo, Abayudaaya, aba Marxist, n'abo abassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okukomya entalo eyakomya olutalo —oluvannyuma ne batuumibwa "abamenyi b'amateeka ba November". Endagaano ya Versailles yalambika nti Girimaani yalina okulekawo ebitundu byayo ebiwerako n'okuggya amagye mu Rhineland . Endagaano eno yassaawo envumbo ku by’enfuna era n’esolooza ssente nnyingi ku ggwanga. Abagirimaani bangi baalaba endagaano eyo ng’okuswazibwa okutali kwa bwenkanya. Okusingira ddala baawakanya enyingo 231, gye baataputa ng’elangirira nti Bugirimaani y’evunaanyizibwa ku lutalo luno. Endagaano ya Versailles n’embeera y’ebyenfuna, embeera z’abantu, n’ebyobufuzi mu Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, oluvannyuma Hitler yabikozesa okufunamu mu by’obufuzi. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:   == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:  Yali azze mu nnyumba gye yali taberangamu, ng'ayambadde gaita, ekikooti, enkoofiira ennene, era ng'akutte omuggo.... Oluvannyuma, yasobola okutandika okwogera. Yayogera nnyo, nga tawummula. Yayigiriza. Yatuboggolera ng'omusomesa w'eddiini mu magye. Tetwamuwakanya n'akatono, oba okugezaako okwawukana mu ngeri yonna, naye yatandika okutuboggolera. Abaweereza baalowooza nti baali batulumba era ne badduka okututaasa. Bwe yali amaze okugenda, twatuula kasirise, nga tukyamuse era nga tetuli basanyufu n'akamu. Waaliwo okuwulira ennaku, nga bwobeera mu ggaali y'omukka ne wesangang'oli wamu n'omuntu aliko ekikyamu ku bwongo. Mu Gwokubiri 1921, nga asoolobye kukyusakyusa abantu, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abasukka mu 6,000. Okusobola okulanga olukiiko luno, loole bbiri ezaali zijjudde abawagizi b’ekibiina baavuga okwetoloola Munich nga bawanika bendera za swastika n’okugabira abantu obupapula. Mu bbanga ttono Hitler yafuna ettutumu olw’okwogera kwe okw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ng’awakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, bannabyabufuzi abaali bavuganya, n’okusingira ddala ng’awakanya Abamarx n’Abayudaaya. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:  Yali azze mu nnyumba gye yali taberangamu, ng'ayambadde gaita, ekikooti, enkoofiira ennene, era ng'akutte omuggo.... Oluvannyuma, yasobola okutandika okwogera. Yayogera nnyo, nga tawummula. Yayigiriza. Yatuboggolera ng'omusomesa w'eddiini mu magye. Tetwamuwakanya n'akatono, oba okugezaako okwawukana mu ngeri yonna, naye yatandika okutuboggolera. Abaweereza baalowooza nti baali batulumba era ne badduka okututaasa. Bwe yali amaze okugenda, twatuula kasirise, nga tukyamuse era nga tetuli basanyufu n'akamu. Waaliwo okuwulira ennaku, nga bwobeera mu ggaali y'omukka ne wesangang'oli wamu n'omuntu aliko ekikyamu ku bwongo. Mu Gwokubiri 1921, nga asoolobye kukyusakyusa abantu, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abasukka mu 6,000. Okusobola okulanga olukiiko luno, loole bbiri ezaali zijjudde abawagizi b’ekibiina baavuga okwetoloola Munich nga bawanika bendera za swastika n’okugabira abantu obupapula. Mu bbanga ttono Hitler yafuna ettutumu olw’okwogera kwe okw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ng’awakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, bannabyabufuzi abaali bavuganya, n’okusingira ddala ng’awakanya Abamarx n’Abayudaaya. Mu Gwomukaaga 1921, Hitler ne Eckart bwe baali ku lugendo lw’okusonda ssente e Berlin, obuyeekera bwabalukawo mu kibiina ky’Abanazi mu Munich. Abakiise ku kakiiko kaayo akafuzi baayagala okwegatta ku kibiina kya German Socialist Party (DSP) ekisangibwa mu kibuga Nuremberg. Hitler yaddayo e Munich nga 11 Ogwomusanvu era mu busungu n’awaayo okulekulira kwe. Abakiise ku kakiiko baakitegeera nti okulekulira kw’omuntu waabwe omukulu mu lujjudde era omwogezi kyanditegeeza nti ekibiina kiweddewo. Hitler yalangirira nti agenda kuddamu okwegatta ku kakwakkulizo nti agenda kudda mu bigere bya Drexler ku bwa ssentebe bw’ekibiina, era nti ekitebe ky’ekibiina kigenda kusigala mu Munich. Akakiiko kakkiriza, era n’addamu okwegatta ku kibiina nga 26 Ogwomusanvu nga mmemba 3,680. Hitler yasigala ayolekagana n’okuwakanyizibwa okumu mu kibiina ky’Abanazi. Abaawakanya Hitler mu bukulembeze mwalimu Hermann Esser eyagobebwa mu kibiina, era ne bakuba kkopi 3,000 ez’akatabo akaalumba Hitler ng’omuli w'olukwe mu kibiina. Mu nnaku ezaddirira, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abangi abawerako era ne yeewozaako ku Esser, ne bakuba emizira egy’amaanyi. Enkola ye yatuuka ku buwanguzi, era mu ttabamiruka ow’enjawulo ow’ekibiina nga 29 Ogwomusanvu, yaweebwa obuyinza obujjuvu nga ssentebe w’ekibiina, n’adda mu bigere bya Drexler, n’obululu 533 ku 1. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:  Yali azze mu nnyumba gye yali taberangamu, ng'ayambadde gaita, ekikooti, enkoofiira ennene, era ng'akutte omuggo.... Oluvannyuma, yasobola okutandika okwogera. Yayogera nnyo, nga tawummula. Yayigiriza. Yatuboggolera ng'omusomesa w'eddiini mu magye. Tetwamuwakanya n'akatono, oba okugezaako okwawukana mu ngeri yonna, naye yatandika okutuboggolera. Abaweereza baalowooza nti baali batulumba era ne badduka okututaasa. Bwe yali amaze okugenda, twatuula kasirise, nga tukyamuse era nga tetuli basanyufu n'akamu. Waaliwo okuwulira ennaku, nga bwobeera mu ggaali y'omukka ne wesangang'oli wamu n'omuntu aliko ekikyamu ku bwongo. Mu Gwokubiri 1921, nga asoolobye kukyusakyusa abantu, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abasukka mu 6,000. Okusobola okulanga olukiiko luno, loole bbiri ezaali zijjudde abawagizi b’ekibiina baavuga okwetoloola Munich nga bawanika bendera za swastika n’okugabira abantu obupapula. Mu bbanga ttono Hitler yafuna ettutumu olw’okwogera kwe okw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ng’awakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, bannabyabufuzi abaali bavuganya, n’okusingira ddala ng’awakanya Abamarx n’Abayudaaya. Mu Gwomukaaga 1921, Hitler ne Eckart bwe baali ku lugendo lw’okusonda ssente e Berlin, obuyeekera bwabalukawo mu kibiina ky’Abanazi mu Munich. Abakiise ku kakiiko kaayo akafuzi baayagala okwegatta ku kibiina kya German Socialist Party (DSP) ekisangibwa mu kibuga Nuremberg. Hitler yaddayo e Munich nga 11 Ogwomusanvu era mu busungu n’awaayo okulekulira kwe. Abakiise ku kakiiko baakitegeera nti okulekulira kw’omuntu waabwe omukulu mu lujjudde era omwogezi kyanditegeeza nti ekibiina kiweddewo. Hitler yalangirira nti agenda kuddamu okwegatta ku kakwakkulizo nti agenda kudda mu bigere bya Drexler ku bwa ssentebe bw’ekibiina, era nti ekitebe ky’ekibiina kigenda kusigala mu Munich. Akakiiko kakkiriza, era n’addamu okwegatta ku kibiina nga 26 Ogwomusanvu nga mmemba 3,680. Hitler yasigala ayolekagana n’okuwakanyizibwa okumu mu kibiina ky’Abanazi. Abaawakanya Hitler mu bukulembeze mwalimu Hermann Esser eyagobebwa mu kibiina, era ne bakuba kkopi 3,000 ez’akatabo akaalumba Hitler ng’omuli w'olukwe mu kibiina. Mu nnaku ezaddirira, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abangi abawerako era ne yeewozaako ku Esser, ne bakuba emizira egy’amaanyi. Enkola ye yatuuka ku buwanguzi, era mu ttabamiruka ow’enjawulo ow’ekibiina nga 29 Ogwomusanvu, yaweebwa obuyinza obujjuvu nga ssentebe w’ekibiina, n’adda mu bigere bya Drexler, n’obululu 533 ku 1. Okwogera kwa Hitler okwa vitriolic beer hall kwatandika okusikiriza abalabi aba bulijjo. Nantawunyikamu, yafuuka omukugu mu kukozesa emiramwa egy’enjawulo, omuli n’okunenya abalala olw’ebizibu by’ebyenfuna by’abawuliriza be. Hitler yakozesa enkola y'okusikiriza ey’obuntu bwe n’okutegeera empisa z'abantu bwe yayogeranga mu lujjudde. Bannabyafaayo baalaba engeri ebigambo bye gye bikwatamu abantu abangi mu ngeri ey’okuwuniikiriza, n’amaaso ge mu bibinja ebitonotono. Alfons Heck, eyali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Hitler Youth, yajjukira nti: Twatandika okwenyumiriza mu ggwanga lyaffe mu ngeri ey'ekisiru. Okumala eddakiika eziwera, twaleekaanira waggulu, nga n'amaziga gatuyitamu: Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil! Okuva mu kaseera ako, nafuuka wa Adolf Hitler mu mubiri ne mu mwoyo.  Abagoberezi abaasooka kwaliko Rudolf Hess, eyali omukungu w'amagye g'omu bbanga Hermann Göring ne kapiteeni mu magye Ernst Röhm. Röhm yafuuka akulira ekibiina ky’Abanazi ekya magye agatali matongole ekya Sturmabteilung, ekyakuuma enkiiko n'okulumba abaali babavuganya mu byobufuzi. Ekintu ekikulu ekyakwata ku ndowooza ya Hitler mu kiseera kino yali Aufbau Vereinigung, ekibinja ky’olukwe eky’Abazungu Abarussia abaali mu buwanganguse n’Abanazi abaasooka. Ekibinja kino, nga kiweebwa ssente okuva mu bannamakolero abagagga, kyaleeta Hitler ekirowoozo ky’olukwe lw’Abayudaaya, nga lukwataganya ensimbi z’ensi yonna n’enzikiriza ya Bolshevism. lishi1sfp63xvqj87o6jxiezgmhm8i1 65754 65753 2026-07-31T08:45:08Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Created by translating the section "Entry into politics" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366970820|Adolf Hitler]]" 65754 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. Hitler yayogera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwe mu Ssematalo I nga "ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yayitamu" era n'atenderezebwa abaduumizi be olw'obuzira bwe. Obumanyirivu bwe mu kiseera ky’olutalo bwanyweza okwagala eggwanga lye, era kyamunakuwaza nnyo olwa Bugirimaani okuwanika mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1918. Okunyiiga kwe olw’okuwnagula mu lutalo kwayogera okuzimba endowooza ye. Okufaananako n’aba Girimaani abalala abaagala eggwanga lyabwe, naye yali akkiririza mu {{Lang|de|Dolchstoßlegende}} ( stab-in-the-back myth ), eyagamba nti amagye ga Girimaani, "agatawangulwa mu lutalo", "gaali gafumitiddwa mu mugongo" ku ludda lw'awaka abakulembeze ba bulijjo, Abayudaaya, aba Marxist, n'abo abassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okukomya entalo eyakomya olutalo —oluvannyuma ne batuumibwa "abamenyi b'amateeka ba November". Endagaano ya Versailles yalambika nti Girimaani yalina okulekawo ebitundu byayo ebiwerako n'okuggya amagye mu Rhineland . Endagaano eno yassaawo envumbo ku by’enfuna era n’esolooza ssente nnyingi ku ggwanga. Abagirimaani bangi baalaba endagaano eyo ng’okuswazibwa okutali kwa bwenkanya. Okusingira ddala baawakanya enyingo 231, gye baataputa ng’elangirira nti Bugirimaani y’evunaanyizibwa ku lutalo luno. Endagaano ya Versailles n’embeera y’ebyenfuna, embeera z’abantu, n’ebyobufuzi mu Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, oluvannyuma Hitler yabikozesa okufunamu mu by’obufuzi. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:   == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:  Yali azze mu nnyumba gye yali taberangamu, ng'ayambadde gaita, ekikooti, enkoofiira ennene, era ng'akutte omuggo.... Oluvannyuma, yasobola okutandika okwogera. Yayogera nnyo, nga tawummula. Yayigiriza. Yatuboggolera ng'omusomesa w'eddiini mu magye. Tetwamuwakanya n'akatono, oba okugezaako okwawukana mu ngeri yonna, naye yatandika okutuboggolera. Abaweereza baalowooza nti baali batulumba era ne badduka okututaasa. Bwe yali amaze okugenda, twatuula kasirise, nga tukyamuse era nga tetuli basanyufu n'akamu. Waaliwo okuwulira ennaku, nga bwobeera mu ggaali y'omukka ne wesangang'oli wamu n'omuntu aliko ekikyamu ku bwongo. Mu Gwokubiri 1921, nga asoolobye kukyusakyusa abantu, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abasukka mu 6,000. Okusobola okulanga olukiiko luno, loole bbiri ezaali zijjudde abawagizi b’ekibiina baavuga okwetoloola Munich nga bawanika bendera za swastika n’okugabira abantu obupapula. Mu bbanga ttono Hitler yafuna ettutumu olw’okwogera kwe okw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ng’awakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, bannabyabufuzi abaali bavuganya, n’okusingira ddala ng’awakanya Abamarx n’Abayudaaya. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:  Yali azze mu nnyumba gye yali taberangamu, ng'ayambadde gaita, ekikooti, enkoofiira ennene, era ng'akutte omuggo.... Oluvannyuma, yasobola okutandika okwogera. Yayogera nnyo, nga tawummula. Yayigiriza. Yatuboggolera ng'omusomesa w'eddiini mu magye. Tetwamuwakanya n'akatono, oba okugezaako okwawukana mu ngeri yonna, naye yatandika okutuboggolera. Abaweereza baalowooza nti baali batulumba era ne badduka okututaasa. Bwe yali amaze okugenda, twatuula kasirise, nga tukyamuse era nga tetuli basanyufu n'akamu. Waaliwo okuwulira ennaku, nga bwobeera mu ggaali y'omukka ne wesangang'oli wamu n'omuntu aliko ekikyamu ku bwongo. Mu Gwokubiri 1921, nga asoolobye kukyusakyusa abantu, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abasukka mu 6,000. Okusobola okulanga olukiiko luno, loole bbiri ezaali zijjudde abawagizi b’ekibiina baavuga okwetoloola Munich nga bawanika bendera za swastika n’okugabira abantu obupapula. Mu bbanga ttono Hitler yafuna ettutumu olw’okwogera kwe okw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ng’awakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, bannabyabufuzi abaali bavuganya, n’okusingira ddala ng’awakanya Abamarx n’Abayudaaya. Mu Gwomukaaga 1921, Hitler ne Eckart bwe baali ku lugendo lw’okusonda ssente e Berlin, obuyeekera bwabalukawo mu kibiina ky’Abanazi mu Munich. Abakiise ku kakiiko kaayo akafuzi baayagala okwegatta ku kibiina kya German Socialist Party (DSP) ekisangibwa mu kibuga Nuremberg. Hitler yaddayo e Munich nga 11 Ogwomusanvu era mu busungu n’awaayo okulekulira kwe. Abakiise ku kakiiko baakitegeera nti okulekulira kw’omuntu waabwe omukulu mu lujjudde era omwogezi kyanditegeeza nti ekibiina kiweddewo. Hitler yalangirira nti agenda kuddamu okwegatta ku kakwakkulizo nti agenda kudda mu bigere bya Drexler ku bwa ssentebe bw’ekibiina, era nti ekitebe ky’ekibiina kigenda kusigala mu Munich. Akakiiko kakkiriza, era n’addamu okwegatta ku kibiina nga 26 Ogwomusanvu nga mmemba 3,680. Hitler yasigala ayolekagana n’okuwakanyizibwa okumu mu kibiina ky’Abanazi. Abaawakanya Hitler mu bukulembeze mwalimu Hermann Esser eyagobebwa mu kibiina, era ne bakuba kkopi 3,000 ez’akatabo akaalumba Hitler ng’omuli w'olukwe mu kibiina. Mu nnaku ezaddirira, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abangi abawerako era ne yeewozaako ku Esser, ne bakuba emizira egy’amaanyi. Enkola ye yatuuka ku buwanguzi, era mu ttabamiruka ow’enjawulo ow’ekibiina nga 29 Ogwomusanvu, yaweebwa obuyinza obujjuvu nga ssentebe w’ekibiina, n’adda mu bigere bya Drexler, n’obululu 533 ku 1. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:  Yali azze mu nnyumba gye yali taberangamu, ng'ayambadde gaita, ekikooti, enkoofiira ennene, era ng'akutte omuggo.... Oluvannyuma, yasobola okutandika okwogera. Yayogera nnyo, nga tawummula. Yayigiriza. Yatuboggolera ng'omusomesa w'eddiini mu magye. Tetwamuwakanya n'akatono, oba okugezaako okwawukana mu ngeri yonna, naye yatandika okutuboggolera. Abaweereza baalowooza nti baali batulumba era ne badduka okututaasa. Bwe yali amaze okugenda, twatuula kasirise, nga tukyamuse era nga tetuli basanyufu n'akamu. Waaliwo okuwulira ennaku, nga bwobeera mu ggaali y'omukka ne wesangang'oli wamu n'omuntu aliko ekikyamu ku bwongo. Mu Gwokubiri 1921, nga asoolobye kukyusakyusa abantu, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abasukka mu 6,000. Okusobola okulanga olukiiko luno, loole bbiri ezaali zijjudde abawagizi b’ekibiina baavuga okwetoloola Munich nga bawanika bendera za swastika n’okugabira abantu obupapula. Mu bbanga ttono Hitler yafuna ettutumu olw’okwogera kwe okw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ng’awakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, bannabyabufuzi abaali bavuganya, n’okusingira ddala ng’awakanya Abamarx n’Abayudaaya. Mu Gwomukaaga 1921, Hitler ne Eckart bwe baali ku lugendo lw’okusonda ssente e Berlin, obuyeekera bwabalukawo mu kibiina ky’Abanazi mu Munich. Abakiise ku kakiiko kaayo akafuzi baayagala okwegatta ku kibiina kya German Socialist Party (DSP) ekisangibwa mu kibuga Nuremberg. Hitler yaddayo e Munich nga 11 Ogwomusanvu era mu busungu n’awaayo okulekulira kwe. Abakiise ku kakiiko baakitegeera nti okulekulira kw’omuntu waabwe omukulu mu lujjudde era omwogezi kyanditegeeza nti ekibiina kiweddewo. Hitler yalangirira nti agenda kuddamu okwegatta ku kakwakkulizo nti agenda kudda mu bigere bya Drexler ku bwa ssentebe bw’ekibiina, era nti ekitebe ky’ekibiina kigenda kusigala mu Munich. Akakiiko kakkiriza, era n’addamu okwegatta ku kibiina nga 26 Ogwomusanvu nga mmemba 3,680. Hitler yasigala ayolekagana n’okuwakanyizibwa okumu mu kibiina ky’Abanazi. Abaawakanya Hitler mu bukulembeze mwalimu Hermann Esser eyagobebwa mu kibiina, era ne bakuba kkopi 3,000 ez’akatabo akaalumba Hitler ng’omuli w'olukwe mu kibiina. Mu nnaku ezaddirira, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abangi abawerako era ne yeewozaako ku Esser, ne bakuba emizira egy’amaanyi. Enkola ye yatuuka ku buwanguzi, era mu ttabamiruka ow’enjawulo ow’ekibiina nga 29 Ogwomusanvu, yaweebwa obuyinza obujjuvu nga ssentebe w’ekibiina, n’adda mu bigere bya Drexler, n’obululu 533 ku 1. Okwogera kwa Hitler okwa vitriolic beer hall kwatandika okusikiriza abalabi aba bulijjo. Nantawunyikamu, yafuuka omukugu mu kukozesa emiramwa egy’enjawulo, omuli n’okunenya abalala olw’ebizibu by’ebyenfuna by’abawuliriza be. Hitler yakozesa enkola y'okusikiriza ey’obuntu bwe n’okutegeera empisa z'abantu bwe yayogeranga mu lujjudde. Bannabyafaayo baalaba engeri ebigambo bye gye bikwatamu abantu abangi mu ngeri ey’okuwuniikiriza, n’amaaso ge mu bibinja ebitonotono. Alfons Heck, eyali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Hitler Youth, yajjukira nti: Twatandika okwenyumiriza mu ggwanga lyaffe mu ngeri ey'ekisiru. Okumala eddakiika eziwera, twaleekaanira waggulu, nga n'amaziga gatuyitamu: Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil! Okuva mu kaseera ako, nafuuka wa Adolf Hitler mu mubiri ne mu mwoyo.  Abagoberezi abaasooka kwaliko Rudolf Hess, eyali omukungu w'amagye g'omu bbanga Hermann Göring ne kapiteeni mu magye Ernst Röhm. Röhm yafuuka akulira ekibiina ky’Abanazi ekya magye agatali matongole ekya Sturmabteilung, ekyakuuma enkiiko n'okulumba abaali babavuganya mu byobufuzi. Ekintu ekikulu ekyakwata ku ndowooza ya Hitler mu kiseera kino yali Aufbau Vereinigung, ekibinja ky’olukwe eky’Abazungu Abarussia abaali mu buwanganguse n’Abanazi abaasooka. Ekibinja kino, nga kiweebwa ssente okuva mu bannamakolero abagagga, kyaleeta Hitler ekirowoozo ky’olukwe lw’Abayudaaya, nga lukwataganya ensimbi z’ensi yonna n’enzikiriza ya Bolshevism. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:  Yali azze mu nnyumba gye yali taberangamu, ng'ayambadde gaita, ekikooti, enkoofiira ennene, era ng'akutte omuggo.... Oluvannyuma, yasobola okutandika okwogera. Yayogera nnyo, nga tawummula. Yayigiriza. Yatuboggolera ng'omusomesa w'eddiini mu magye. Tetwamuwakanya n'akatono, oba okugezaako okwawukana mu ngeri yonna, naye yatandika okutuboggolera. Abaweereza baalowooza nti baali batulumba era ne badduka okututaasa. Bwe yali amaze okugenda, twatuula kasirise, nga tukyamuse era nga tetuli basanyufu n'akamu. Waaliwo okuwulira ennaku, nga bwobeera mu ggaali y'omukka ne wesangang'oli wamu n'omuntu aliko ekikyamu ku bwongo. Mu Gwokubiri 1921, nga asoolobye kukyusakyusa abantu, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abasukka mu 6,000. Okusobola okulanga olukiiko luno, loole bbiri ezaali zijjudde abawagizi b’ekibiina baavuga okwetoloola Munich nga bawanika bendera za swastika n’okugabira abantu obupapula. Mu bbanga ttono Hitler yafuna ettutumu olw’okwogera kwe okw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ng’awakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, bannabyabufuzi abaali bavuganya, n’okusingira ddala ng’awakanya Abamarx n’Abayudaaya. Mu Gwomukaaga 1921, Hitler ne Eckart bwe baali ku lugendo lw’okusonda ssente e Berlin, obuyeekera bwabalukawo mu kibiina ky’Abanazi mu Munich. Abakiise ku kakiiko kaayo akafuzi baayagala okwegatta ku kibiina kya German Socialist Party (DSP) ekisangibwa mu kibuga Nuremberg. Hitler yaddayo e Munich nga 11 Ogwomusanvu era mu busungu n’awaayo okulekulira kwe. Abakiise ku kakiiko baakitegeera nti okulekulira kw’omuntu waabwe omukulu mu lujjudde era omwogezi kyanditegeeza nti ekibiina kiweddewo. Hitler yalangirira nti agenda kuddamu okwegatta ku kakwakkulizo nti agenda kudda mu bigere bya Drexler ku bwa ssentebe bw’ekibiina, era nti ekitebe ky’ekibiina kigenda kusigala mu Munich. Akakiiko kakkiriza, era n’addamu okwegatta ku kibiina nga 26 Ogwomusanvu nga mmemba 3,680. Hitler yasigala ayolekagana n’okuwakanyizibwa okumu mu kibiina ky’Abanazi. Abaawakanya Hitler mu bukulembeze mwalimu Hermann Esser eyagobebwa mu kibiina, era ne bakuba kkopi 3,000 ez’akatabo akaalumba Hitler ng’omuli w'olukwe mu kibiina. Mu nnaku ezaddirira, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abangi abawerako era ne yeewozaako ku Esser, ne bakuba emizira egy’amaanyi. Enkola ye yatuuka ku buwanguzi, era mu ttabamiruka ow’enjawulo ow’ekibiina nga 29 Ogwomusanvu, yaweebwa obuyinza obujjuvu nga ssentebe w’ekibiina, n’adda mu bigere bya Drexler, n’obululu 533 ku 1. Okwogera kwa Hitler okwa vitriolic beer hall kwatandika okusikiriza abalabi aba bulijjo. Nantawunyikamu, yafuuka omukugu mu kukozesa emiramwa egy’enjawulo, omuli n’okunenya abalala olw’ebizibu by’ebyenfuna by’abawuliriza be. Hitler yakozesa enkola y'okusikiriza ey’obuntu bwe n’okutegeera empisa z'abantu bwe yayogeranga mu lujjudde. Bannabyafaayo baalaba engeri ebigambo bye gye bikwatamu abantu abangi mu ngeri ey’okuwuniikiriza, n’amaaso ge mu bibinja ebitonotono. Alfons Heck, eyali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Hitler Youth, yajjukira nti: Twatandika okwenyumiriza mu ggwanga lyaffe mu ngeri ey'ekisiru. Okumala eddakiika eziwera, twaleekaanira waggulu, nga n'amaziga gatuyitamu: Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil! Okuva mu kaseera ako, nafuuka wa Adolf Hitler mu mubiri ne mu mwoyo.  Abagoberezi abaasooka kwaliko Rudolf Hess, eyali omukungu w'amagye g'omu bbanga Hermann Göring ne kapiteeni mu magye Ernst Röhm. Röhm yafuuka akulira ekibiina ky’Abanazi ekya magye agatali matongole ekya Sturmabteilung, ekyakuuma enkiiko n'okulumba abaali babavuganya mu byobufuzi. Ekintu ekikulu ekyakwata ku ndowooza ya Hitler mu kiseera kino yali Aufbau Vereinigung, ekibinja ky’olukwe eky’Abazungu Abarussia abaali mu buwanganguse n’Abanazi abaasooka. Ekibinja kino, nga kiweebwa ssente okuva mu bannamakolero abagagga, kyaleeta Hitler ekirowoozo ky’olukwe lw’Abayudaaya, nga lukwataganya ensimbi z’ensi yonna n’enzikiriza ya Bolshevism. Enteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’Abanazi yategekebwa mu nsonga 25 nga 24 Ogwokubiri 1920. Kino tekyakiikirira ndowooza ekwatagana, wabula kyali kibiina kya ndowooza ezafunibwa ezaali zirina ssente mu völkisch pan-Germanic movement, nga ultranationalism, okuwakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, obuteesiga bwanaasiwamukange, awamu n'endowooza ezimu ez'anaakalyako ani. Eri Hitler, ekintu ekyali kisinga obukulu kwe kulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyalimu . Era enteekateeka eno yagitwala ng’okusinga omusingi gwa ppokoppoko n’okusikiriza abantu okujja ku kabaga. tntg0xa085raq4gea3y2z6qg271fltc 65755 65754 2026-07-31T08:46:48Z Charles Kalanzi 9748 Nterezezza empandiika 65755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Hitler''' (20 Ogwokuna 1889 – 30 Ogwokuna 1945) yali munnabyabufuzi Omugirimaani enzaalwa y’e Austria era nga ye nnakyemalira wa Girimaani ku mulembe gw’Abanazi okuva mu 1933 okutuusa lwe yeetuga mu 1945. Yalinnya mu buyinza ng’omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi, n’afuuka Cansala wa Bugirimaani mu 1933 n’oluvannyuma n’atwala ekitiibwa kya {{Lang|de|Führer und Reichskanzler}} mu 1934. Germany okulumba Poland nga 1 Ogwomwenda1939 wansi w'obukulembeze bwe kwe kwatandika Ssematalo II . Mu lutalo lwonna olwaddirira, Hitler yali y'enyigira nnyo mu kulungamya ebikwekweto by’amagye ga Girimaani era ye yali omukulu mu kutta Abayudaaya nga obukadde mukaaga mu Holocaust awamu n’okufa kw’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abalala abaafa. Hitler yazaalibwa mu Braunau am Inn mu Austria-Hungary era n’agenda e Girimaani mu 1913. Yayooyootebwa mu kiseera we yaweereza mu magye ga Girimaani mu Ssematalo I, n'afuna omusaalaba ogw'ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu 1919, y'egatta ku kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany Workers’ Party (DAP), ekyasooka ekibiina ky’Abanazi, era mu 1921, n’alondebwa okuba omukulembeze w’ekibiina ky’Abanazi. Mu 1923, yagezaako okuwamba obuyinza bwa gavumenti mu kuwamba gavumenti okwalemererwa mu Munich era n’asibwa emyaka etaano, n’amala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba. Ng’ali eyo, yalagira omuzingo ogusooka ogw’ekitabo kye eky’obulamu bwe ne manifesito y’ebyobufuzi ''Mein Kampf'' ( lit. 'My Struggle'). Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa nga bukyali mu 1924, yafuna obuwagizi bw’abantu ng’alumba Endagaano y'e Versailles awamu n’okutumbula enzikiriza ya Bugirimaani yonna, okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, n’okulwanyisa Obwanaakalyakaani ng’akozesa okwogera okw’amaanyi ne ppokoppoko w’Abanazi . Yateranga okuvumirira Obwanaakalyakaani ng'olumu ku lukwe lw'Abayudaaya olw'ensi yonna . Oluvannyuma lw’okulonda mu Reichstag mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1932, ekibiina ky’Abanazi kye kyasinga okubeera n’ebifo mu ''Reichstag'', naye nga si kyekisinga ababaka abangi. Oluvannyuma, eyali chancellor Franz von Papen ne bannabyabufuzi abalala abakuumaddembe baamatiza Pulezidenti Paul von Hindenburg okulonda Hitler ku bwa chancellor nga 30 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, nga 23 Ogwokusatu, ''Reichstag'' yayisa etteeka li Enabling Act erya 1933, era ku nkomerero ne litandika okukyusa Weimar Republic n’efuuka Bugirimaani ey’Abanazi. Hindenburg bwe yafa nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1934, Hitler yamusikira n’afuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga era oluvannyuma Girimaani n’efuuka eggwanga ly'obwannakyemalira mu bujjuvu. Mu ggwanga, Hitler yatandika okussa mu nkola enkola nnyingi ez’obusosoze mu mawanga, ezaali zisuula Abayudaaya Abagirimaani ku bbali n’okubafuula embuzi ey’ekiweebwayo . Emyaka gye omukaaga egyasooka mu buyinza gyavaamu ebyenfuna okutereera amangu okuva mu kiseera ky’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, okusazaamu obukwakkulizo obwateekebwa ku Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I, n’okuwamba ebitundu ebyalimu obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abagirimaani, ekyamuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi mu kusooka. Ekimu ku biruubirirwa bya Hitler ebikulu kyali {{Lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} ( lit. 'Owokubeera') eri abantu b'e Girimaani mu Bulaaya ey'Ebuvanjuba. Enkola ye ey’obukambwe, ey’okugaziya okusukka ensalo za Girimaani zitwalibwa okuba ng’ensonga enkulu ezavaako Ssematalo II mu Bulaaya. Nga 1 Ogwomwenda 1939, Hitler yalabirira okulumba kwa Girimaani ku Poland, bwe kityo ne kireetera Bungereza ne Bufalansa okulangirira olutalo ku Bugirimaani . Oluvannyuma lw’okulagira okulumba Soviet Union mu Gwomukaaga 1941, yalangirira olutalo ku Amerika mu Gwekkumineebiri w’omwaka gwe gumu. Ku nkomerero ya 1941, amagye ga Girimaani n’amawanga ga Bulaaya agayitibwa European Axis gaawamba ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Bulaaya n'obukiika kkono bw'Afirika . Obuwanguzi buno bwaddizibwayo mpolampola oluvannyuma lwa 1941 okutuusa amagye g’omukago lwe gaawangula amagye ga Girimaani mu 1945. Nga 29 Ogwokuna 1945, Hitler yawasa munne gwe yali amaze naye ebbanga, Eva Braun, mu {{Lang|de|[[Führerbunker]]}} mu kibuga Berlin. Enkeera beetuga okwewala okukwatibwa amagye ga Soviet Red Army. Munnabyafaayo era omuwandiisi w'emikululo gy'obulamu bwabantu Ian Kershaw yayogera ku Hitler nga "omusingi gw'ebyobufuzi ebibi eby'omulembe guno". Mu bukulembeze bwa Hitler n’endowooza y’obusosoze mu mawanga, gavumenti y’Abanazi ye yali evunaanyizibwa ku kittabantu ky’Abayudaaya ababalirirwamu obukadde mukaaga n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaakosebwa, ye n’abagoberezi be baali batwala nti {{Lang|de|[[Untermensch]]en}} ( lit. ' si bantu' ) oba abatasaana kubeera mu bantu. Hitler n’Abanazi nabo bavunaanyizibwa ku kutta abantu ababalirirwamu obukadde 19.3 nga mulimu abaabulijjo n’abasibe b’olutalo. Okugatta ku ekyo, obukadde 28.7 obw'abajaasi n'abantu baabulijjo baafa olw'ebikolwa by'amagye mu katemba w'Abazungu. Omuwendo gw’abantu baabulijjo abattibwa mu Ssematalo II gwali tegubangawo mu lutalo, era abantu abaafiira mu lutalo luno lulufuula olutalo olusinga okutta abantu mu byafaayo. == Ensibuko y’obuzaale == Taata wa Hitler, Alois Hitler, yali mwana wa Maria Schiclgruber atali mu mateeka. Olukalala lw'okubatiza terwalaga linnya lya kitaawe, era Alois mu kusooka yalina amannya ga nnyina, "Schicklgruber". Mu 1842, Johann Georg Hiedler yawasa maama wa Alois. Alois yakuzibwa mu maka ga muganda wa Hiedler, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. Alois yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti okuva mu 1855 okutuusa lwe yawummula mu 1895. Mu 1876, Alois yawandiisibwa mu mateeka era ebiwandiiko bye eby'okubatiza ne biwandiikibwako obugambo bwa kabona okuwandiisa Johann Georg Hiedler nga kitaawe wa Alois (yawandiikibwa nga "Georg Hitler"). Alois olwo n'atwala erinnya ly'ekika "Hitler", era liwandiikibwa {{Lang|de|"Hiedler", "Hüttler"}}, oba {{Lang|de|"Huettler"}} . Oboolyawo erinnya lino lyesigamiziddwa ku kigambo ky’Olugirimaani {{Lang|de|Hütte}} ( lit. 'akasiisira' ), era kirina amakulu "oyo abeera mu nsiisira". Omukungu w’Abanazi Hans Frank yawa amagezi nti maama wa Alois yali akozesebwa ng’omukozi w’awaka mu maka g’Abayudaaya mu Graz, era nti mutabani w’amaka ago ow’emyaka 19, Leopold Frankenberger ye yazaala Alois, ekintu ekyamanyibwa nga Frankenberger thesis. Tewali muntu yenna ayitibwa Frankenberger yawandiisibwa mu Graz mu kiseera ekyo, era tewali biwandiiko ku kubeerawo kwa Leopold Frankenberger, kale bannabyafaayo bagoba okugamba nti kitaawe wa Alois yali Muyudaaya. Mu 2025, omusaayi ogwava mu sofa mu kunoonyereza ku Hitler gwakozesebwa Turi King owa Yunivasite y’e Bath okwekenneenya DNA. Omusaayi guno gwakakasibwa nti gwa Hitler nga gugeraageranyizibwa n’ogw’owoluganda lwe omusajja, era okwekenneenya DNA kwalaga nti Hitler teyalina buzaale bwa Bayudaaya ng’ayita mu kitaawe. "Singa bwe kyali, tetwandifunye kukwatagana kwa DNA naye," King bwe yagamba "Okukwatagana okwo okwa DNA tekwakoma ku kukakasa nti eno ye DNA ya Hitler wabula era kukakasa nti emboozi y'obuzaale bw'Abayudaaya bw'abantu okuyita mu kitaawe si kituufu." == Obuto bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === [[File:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Hitler ( c. 1889–90)]] Adolf Hitler yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwokuna 1889 mu Braunau am Inn, ekibuga mu Austria-Hungary (kati Austria), okumpi n’ensalo ne Girimaani. Yali wakuna ku baana mukaaga abazaalibwa Alois Hitler ne mukyala we owookusatu, Klara Pölzl. Baganda ba Hitler basatu —Gustav, Ida, ne Otto —baafa nga bakyali bawere. Era abaali mu maka ago mwalimu abaana ba Alois okuva mu bufumbo bwe obw’okubiri: Alois Jr. (yazaalibwa 1882) ne Angela (yazaalibwa 1883). Mu 1892, ab’omu maka ago baasengukira mu Passau, Bugirimaani, oluvannyuma lwa Alois okukuzibwa n’afuuka omukungu w'ebyamaguzi mu Passau. Hitler mu kiseera ekyo yali wa myaka esatu. Alois yakuzibwa n’atwalibwa e Linz, Austria, nga 1 Ogwokuna 1893, naye ab’omu maka amalala ne basigala mu Passau. Famire yaddayo e Austria ne basenga e Leonding nga 9Ogwokutaano 1894, era mu Gwomukaaga 1895, Alois yawummula n’agenda e Hafeld, okumpi ne Lambach, gye yalima n’okulunda enjuki. Hitler yasomera mu {{Lang|de|Volksschule}} (essomero lya pulayimale eriweebwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti) mu kibuga Fischlham ekiriraanyewo. Okugenda e Hafeld kwakwatagana n’okutandika kw’obukuubagano obw’amaanyi obwa taata n’omwana obwava ku Hitler ow’emyaka omukaaga okugaana okugoberera empisa enkakali ez’essomero lye. Alois yagezaako okukuba mutabani we amufuule omuwulize, nga Adolf akola kyonna ekisoboka okubeera ekikontana n’ekyo kyonna kitaawe kye yali ayagala. Alois naye yandikubye mutabani we naye nnyina yaumukuuma obutakubwa buli kiseera. Kaweefube wa Alois Hitler ow’okulima e Hafeld teyayitamu, era mu 1897, baasengukira e Lambach. Hitler ow’emyaka omunaana yasoma emisomo gy’okuyimba, yayimba mu kkwaaya y’ekkanisa, era yatuuka n’okulowooza ku ky’okufuuka kabona. Mu 1898, famire yaddayo mu maka ag'enkalakkalira e Leonding. Hitler yakosebwa nnyo olw'okufa kwa muto we Edmund mu 1900 olw'omusujja gw'amulangira. Hitler yakyuka okuva mu muyizi ateemotyamotya, ayagala ennyo abantu n’afuuka omulenzi omuzibu, eyeekutudde ku balala era ng’atera okuyombagana ne kitaawe n’abasomesa. Paula Hitler yajjukira nti Adolf yali muvubuka wafujjo era ng’atera okumukuba empi. Alois yali akoze omulimu omulungi mu kitongole ky'ebyamaguzi era ng’ayagala mutabani we amuddire mu ebigere. Oluvannyuma Hitler yakola katemba okuva mu kiseera kino kitaawe bwe yamutwala okukyalira ofiisi y'ebyamaguzi, n’akiraga ng’ekintu ekyavaako obutakkaanya obutasonyiwa wakati wa taata n’omwana, nga bombi baali ba maanyi. Olw’okusimbira ekkuuli mutabani we okwagala okugenda mu siniya okufuuka omuyiiya, Alois yasindika Hitler mu ''Realschule'' e Linz mu Gwomwenda 1900. Hitler yajeemera okusalawo kuno, era mu ''Mein Kampf'' agamba nti mu bugenderevu yakola bubi mu ssomero, ng'asuubira nti kitaawe bwamala okulaba "ensoma embi mu ssomero ly'ebyemikono yandindese okwewaayo mu kirooto kyange". Okufaananako n’Abagirimaani bangi ab’omu Austria, Hitler yatandika okukulaakulanya endowooza y'okwagala Girimaani okuva mu buto. Yalaga obwesigwa eri Bugirimaani yokka, ng’anyooma obwakabaka bwa Habsburg obwali busereba mu kukulembera obwakabaka obunene. Hitler ne mikwano gye baakozesa okulamusa "Heil", ne bayimba " Deutschlandlied " mu kifo ky'oluyimba lwa Austrian Imperial. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alois okw’amangu nga 3 Ogwoluberyeberye 1903, omutindo gwa Hitler ku ssomero gwayonooneka, era nnyina n’amukkiriza okuvaayo. Yeewandiisa mu ''Realschule'' e Steyr mu Gwomwenda 1904, enneeyisa ye n’omutindo gwe ne bitereera. Mu 1905, oluvannyuma lw’okuyita ekigezo ekisembayo, Hitler yava mu ssomero lino nga talina kiruubirirwa kyonna kya kwongera kusoma wadde enteekateeka entegeerekeka ey’okukola omulimu. === Okutandika okuvubuka ng'ali mu Vienna ne Munich === Mu 1907, Hitler yava mu Linz n’agenda okubeera n’okusoma okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kibuga Vienna, ng’avujjirirwa ssente okuva mu miganyulo gya mulekwa n’obuwagizi okuva eri nnyina. Yasaba okuyingizibwa mu Academy of Fine Arts Vienna kyokka n’agaanibwa emirundi ebiri. Dayirekita yawa amagezi nti Hitler yandibadde asaba okugenda mu School of Architecture, naye nga talina biwandiiko byetaagisa mu by’ensoma kubanga yali tannamaliriza siniya. Nga 21 Ogwekkumineebiri 1907, nnyina yafa kookolo w’amabeere ku myaka 47; Mu kiseera ekyo Hitler yalina emyaka 18. Mu 1909, Hitler ssente zaggwawo era n’awalirizibwa okubeera mu bulamu obw’ekika kya bohemian mu bifo eby’okusulamu abantu abatalina mwasirizi ne mu kisulo kya Meldemannstraße. Yafuna ssente ng’omukozi ow’abulijjo ng’asiiga n’okutunda langi z’amazzi ez’ebifo ebisikiriza mu Vienna. Mu kiseera kye yamala mu Vienna, yagoberera okwagala kwo kweyongera okuzimba n’okuyimba, n’agenda mu bivvulu kkumi ebya {{Lang|de|Lohengrin (opera){{!}}Lohengrin}}, ekisinga okumunyumira mu nnyimba za Richard Wagner eza opera. Mu kibuga Vienna, Hitler yasooka kulaba bigambo ebisosola mu mawanga. Abakulembeze b’abantu nga meeya Karl Lueger baakozesa endowooza y’ekibuga eyali emanyiddwa ennyo ey’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya, oluusi n’oluusi ne bawagira endowooza y'okusukulumya Girimaani okusobola okuganyulwa mu by’obufuzi. Obusosoze bw’eggwanga lya Girimaani bwali bungi nnyo naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Mariahilf, Hitler gye yali abeera mu kiseera ekyo. Georg Ritter von Schönerer yafuuka omukulembeze omukulu ku Hitler, era n’afuna okwegomba Martin Luther. Hitler yasoma empapula z’amawulire n’obupapula obwali butumbula obusosoze era n’alabula ku kuyingira kw’Abayudaaya b’omu Bulaaya ow’Ebuvanjuba, awamu n’ebiwandiiko by’abantu nga Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon, ne Arthur Schopenhauer. Mu myaka gye yamala mu Vienna era yafuna endowooza ez’amaanyi ezilwanyisa Abaslav. Ensibuko n’enkulaakulana y’obukyayi bwa Hitler obw’okulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyali nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. Mukwano gwe August Kubizek yagamba nti Hitler yali "akakasiddwa n'omuntu alina obukyayi" nga tannava mu Linz. Wabula munnabyafaayo Brigitte Hamann ayogera ku ndowooza ya Kubizek ng'erina "obuzibu". Wadde nga Hitler mu {{Lang|de|Mein Kampf}} agamba nti yasooka kufuuka musosoze mu Vienna, Reinhold Hanisch, eyamuyamba okutunda ebifaananyi bye, takkiriziganya nakyo. Hitler era yatunda ebimu ku by’emikono bye ng’ayita mu musuubuzi Omuyudaaya ayitibwa Samuel Morgenstern ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna. Bangi ku bakasitoma ba Morgenstern baali Bayudaaya; okugeza, munnamateeka ayitibwa Josef Feingold yagula ebifaananyi bya Hitler ebiwerako ebikwata ku bizimbe eby’ebyafaayo ebya Vienna. Munnabyafaayo Richard J. Evans agamba nti "bannabyafaayo kati okutwalira awamu bakkiriziganya nti obukambwe bwe,enkola ey'ettemu n'obusosoze eri Abayudaaya bweyoleka bulungi oluvannyuma lwa Girimaani okuwangulwa mu Ssematalo I, ng'enjogera ya "okufumita mu mugongo" ("stab-in-the-back") ennyonyola akatyabaga kano". Hitler yafuna ekitundu ekisembayo ku bintu bya kitaawe mu Gwokutaano 1913 era n’agenda mu Munich . Bwe yayingizibwa mu ggye lya Austria-Hungary, yagenda e Salzburg nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1914 okwekebejjebwa abasawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okwekeneenyezebwa ng’atasaanira kuweereza, yaddayo e Munich. Oluvannyuma Hitler yagamba nti yali tayagala kuweereza Bwakabaka bwa Habsburg olw’amawanga agaali gatabuddwatabuddwa mu ggye lyabwo n’okukkiriza kwe nti Austria-Hungary essaawa yonna yali egenda kugwa. === Ssematalo I === Mu Gwomunaana 1914, Ssematalo I bwe yatandika, Hitler yali abeera mu Munich era kyeyagalire yeewandiisa mu ggye lya Bavaria. Okusinziira ku alipoota eyafulumizibwa ab’obuyinza mu Bavaria mu 1924, okukkiriza Hitler okuweereza nti yali nsobi mu by’obufuzi, kubanga ng’omutuuze wa Austria, yandibadde addizibwa mu Austria. Yasindikibwa mu Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (ekibinja ekisooka ekya List Regiment), yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yaweereza ng’omuserikale atuukibwako ku Western Front mu Bufalansa ne Bubirigi, yamala kumpi ekitundu ky'obulamu bwe ku kitebe ky’ekibinja e Fournes-en-Weppes, nga tali mu lutalo. Mu 1914, yaliwo mu lutalo olwasooka olwa Ypres era mu mwaka ogwo yayooyootebwa olw’obuzira, n’afuna Omusaalaba ogw’Ekyuma (Iron Cross). Mu lutalo, yawonyezebwa omuduumizi we, [[Fritz Wiedemann]], eyaggya Hitler mu bifunfugu by’ekizimbe ekyali kigudde ng’ali mu lutalo olutabuse. Mu kiseera we yaweereza ku kitebe, Hitler yakola emirimu gye egy’ekikugu, ng’akuba katuuni n’okuwa ebiragiro ku lupapula lw’amawulire olw’amagye. Mu lutalo lw’e Somme mu Gwekkumi 1916, yafuna ebisago mu kisambi ekya kkono ekikompola bwe kyabwatuka mu kifo ky'enkambi mwe baali bekwese. Hitler yamala kumpi emyezi ebiri ng’awona mu ddwaaliro e Beelitz, n’adda mu kibinja kye nga 5 Ogwokusatu 1917. Yaliwo mu lutalo lw'e Arras olwa 1917 ne mu lutalo lw'e Passchendaele. Yafuna akabonero ka Wound Badge akaddugavu nga 18 Ogwokutaano 1918. Nga wayise emyezi esatu, mu Gwomunaana 1918, ng'asembebwa Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, omukulumbeze we Omuyudaaya, Hitler yafuna omusaalaba ogw’ekyuma, ogwa First Class, ekintu ekitatera kuweebwa bantu bali ku ddaala lya {{Lang|de|Gefreiter}} Hitler ly'eyaliko. Nga 15 Ogwekkumi 1918, yaziba amaaso okumala akaseera mu bulumbaganyi bwa ggaasi w'obutwa era n’aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro e Pasewalk. Bwe yali eyo, Hitler yategezebwa nti Bugirimaani ewanguddwa, era okusinziira nti yali ku ndiri, yaddamu okuziba amaaso omulundi ogw’okubiri oluvannyuma lw’amawulire gano. Hitler yayogera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwe mu Ssematalo I nga "ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yayitamu" era n'atenderezebwa abaduumizi be olw'obuzira bwe. Obumanyirivu bwe mu kiseera ky’olutalo bwanyweza okwagala eggwanga lye, era kyamunakuwaza nnyo olwa Bugirimaani okuwanika mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1918. Okunyiiga kwe olw’okuwnagula mu lutalo kwayogera okuzimba endowooza ye. Okufaananako n’aba Girimaani abalala abaagala eggwanga lyabwe, naye yali akkiririza mu {{Lang|de|Dolchstoßlegende}} ( stab-in-the-back myth ), eyagamba nti amagye ga Girimaani, "agatawangulwa mu lutalo", "gaali gafumitiddwa mu mugongo" ku ludda lw'awaka abakulembeze ba bulijjo, Abayudaaya, aba Marxist, n'abo abassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okukomya entalo eyakomya olutalo —oluvannyuma ne batuumibwa "abamenyi b'amateeka ba November". Endagaano ya Versailles yalambika nti Girimaani yalina okulekawo ebitundu byayo ebiwerako n'okuggya amagye mu Rhineland . Endagaano eno yassaawo envumbo ku by’enfuna era n’esolooza ssente nnyingi ku ggwanga. Abagirimaani bangi baalaba endagaano eyo ng’okuswazibwa okutali kwa bwenkanya. Okusingira ddala baawakanya enyingo 231, gye baataputa ng’elangirira nti Bugirimaani y’evunaanyizibwa ku lutalo luno. Endagaano ya Versailles n’embeera y’ebyenfuna, embeera z’abantu, n’ebyobufuzi mu Bugirimaani oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, oluvannyuma Hitler yabikozesa okufunamu mu by’obufuzi. == Okuyingira mu byobufuzi == [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb| Kaadi ya Hitler ey’obwammemba bw’ekibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP).]] Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Hitler yaddayo e Munich. Olw’obutaba na buyigirize butongole wadde essuubi ly’emirimu, yasigala mu magye. Mu Gwomusanvu 1919, yalondebwa okuba Verbindungsmann (omukessi) ow’omu Aufklärungskommando (ekitongole ekiketta) ekya Reichswehr, eyaweebwa omulimu gw’okufuga abajaasi abalala n’okuyingirira mu kibiina ky’abakozi ekya Germany (DAP). Mu lukiiko lwa DAP nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1919, ssentebe w’Ekibiina Anton Drexler yakwatibwako nnyo olw’obukugu bwa Hitler mu kwogera. Yamuwa kkopi y’akatabo ke aka ''My Political Awakening'', akaalimu endowooza ezilwanyisa Abayudaaya, ez’okwagala eggwanga, ezirwanyisa obwanaasiwamukange, n’ez’okulwanyisa Marxist. Ku biragiro by’abakulu be mu magye, Hitler yasaba okwegatta ku kibiina, era mu wiiki emu n’akkirizibwa nga mmemba w’ekibiina 555 (ekibiina kyatandika okubala obwammemba ku 500 okuwa endowooza nti baali kibiina kinene nnyo). Hitler yawandiika ekiwandiiko kye ekyasooka okumanyibwa ku kibuuzo ky’Abayudaaya mu bbaluwa gye yawandiikira Adolf Gemlich nga 16, Ogwomwenda 1919 (kati emanyiddwa nga ebbaluwa ya Gemlich). Mu bbaluwa eno, Hitler agamba nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti " awatali kubuusabuusa kwe kuggyirawo ddala Abayudaaya". Mu DAP, Hitler yasisinkana Dietrich Eckart, omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kino era nga mmemba w’ekibiina ky’abasamize ekya Thule Society. Eckart yafuuka omubuulirizi wa Hitler, n’awaanyisiganyanga naye ebirowoozo era n’amuyingiza mu bantu ab’enjawulo mu Munich. Okwongera okusikiriza, ekibiina kya DAP kyakyusa erinnya lyayo ne kifuuka Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Ekibiina ky'abakozi ekya National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), kati ekimanyiddwa nga " Nazi Party "). Hitler yakola dizayini ya bendera y’ekibiina eya swastika mu nkulungo enjeru ku mugongo omumyufu. Hitler yasiibulwa mu magye nga 31 Ogwokusatu 1920, era n’atandika okukolera ekibiina kino emirimu emijjuvu. Ekitebe ky’ekibiina kino kyali mu Munich, ekifo eky’aba Girimaani abaali balwanyisa gavumenti abaali bamaliridde okumalawo enzikiriza ya Marx n’okutyoboola Weimar Republic. Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen yayogera mu kitabo kye ''ekya Diary of a Man in Despair ekyafulumizibwa'' mu 1947:  Yali azze mu nnyumba gye yali taberangamu, ng'ayambadde gaita, ekikooti, enkoofiira ennene, era ng'akutte omuggo.... Oluvannyuma, yasobola okutandika okwogera. Yayogera nnyo, nga tawummula. Yayigiriza. Yatuboggolera ng'omusomesa w'eddiini mu magye. Tetwamuwakanya n'akatono, oba okugezaako okwawukana mu ngeri yonna, naye yatandika okutuboggolera. Abaweereza baalowooza nti baali batulumba era ne badduka okututaasa. Bwe yali amaze okugenda, twatuula kasirise, nga tukyamuse era nga tetuli basanyufu n'akamu. Waaliwo okuwulira ennaku, nga bwobeera mu ggaali y'omukka ne wesangang'oli wamu n'omuntu aliko ekikyamu ku bwongo. Mu Gwokubiri 1921, nga asoolobye kukyusakyusa abantu, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abasukka mu 6,000. Okusobola okulanga olukiiko luno, loole bbiri ezaali zijjudde abawagizi b’ekibiina baavuga okwetoloola Munich nga bawanika bendera za swastika n’okugabira abantu obupapula. Mu bbanga ttono Hitler yafuna ettutumu olw’okwogera kwe okw’okukubaganya ebirowoozo okw’amaanyi ng’awakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, bannabyabufuzi abaali bavuganya, n’okusingira ddala ng’awakanya Abamarx n’Abayudaaya. Mu Gwomukaaga 1921, Hitler ne Eckart bwe baali ku lugendo lw’okusonda ssente e Berlin, obuyeekera bwabalukawo mu kibiina ky’Abanazi mu Munich. Abakiise ku kakiiko kaayo akafuzi baayagala okwegatta ku kibiina kya German Socialist Party (DSP) ekisangibwa mu kibuga Nuremberg. Hitler yaddayo e Munich nga 11 Ogwomusanvu era mu busungu n’awaayo okulekulira kwe. Abakiise ku kakiiko baakitegeera nti okulekulira kw’omuntu waabwe omukulu mu lujjudde era omwogezi kyanditegeeza nti ekibiina kiweddewo. Hitler yalangirira nti agenda kuddamu okwegatta ku kakwakkulizo nti agenda kudda mu bigere bya Drexler ku bwa ssentebe bw’ekibiina, era nti ekitebe ky’ekibiina kigenda kusigala mu Munich. Akakiiko kakkiriza, era n’addamu okwegatta ku kibiina nga 26 Ogwomusanvu nga mmemba 3,680. Hitler yasigala ayolekagana n’okuwakanyizibwa okumu mu kibiina ky’Abanazi. Abaawakanya Hitler mu bukulembeze mwalimu Hermann Esser eyagobebwa mu kibiina, era ne bakuba kkopi 3,000 ez’akatabo akaalumba Hitler ng’omuli w'olukwe mu kibiina. Mu nnaku ezaddirira, Hitler yayogera n’abantu abangi abawerako era ne yeewozaako ku Esser, ne bakuba emizira egy’amaanyi. Enkola ye yatuuka ku buwanguzi, era mu ttabamiruka ow’enjawulo ow’ekibiina nga 29 Ogwomusanvu, yaweebwa obuyinza obujjuvu nga ssentebe w’ekibiina, n’adda mu bigere bya Drexler, n’obululu 533 ku 1. Okwogera kwa Hitler okwa vitriolic beer hall kwatandika okusikiriza abalabi aba bulijjo. Nantawunyikamu, yafuuka omukugu mu kukozesa emiramwa egy’enjawulo, omuli n’okunenya abalala olw’ebizibu by’ebyenfuna by’abawuliriza be. Hitler yakozesa enkola y'okusikiriza ey’obuntu bwe n’okutegeera empisa z'abantu bwe yayogeranga mu lujjudde. Bannabyafaayo baalaba engeri ebigambo bye gye bikwatamu abantu abangi mu ngeri ey’okuwuniikiriza, n’amaaso ge mu bibinja ebitonotono. Alfons Heck, eyali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Hitler Youth, yajjukira nti: Twatandika okwenyumiriza mu ggwanga lyaffe mu ngeri ey'ekisiru. Okumala eddakiika eziwera, twaleekaanira waggulu, nga n'amaziga gatuyitamu: Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil! Okuva mu kaseera ako, nafuuka wa Adolf Hitler mu mubiri ne mu mwoyo.  Abagoberezi abaasooka kwaliko Rudolf Hess, eyali omukungu w'amagye g'omu bbanga Hermann Göring ne kapiteeni mu magye Ernst Röhm. Röhm yafuuka akulira ekibiina ky’Abanazi ekya magye agatali matongole ekya Sturmabteilung, ekyakuuma enkiiko n'okulumba abaali babavuganya mu byobufuzi. Ekintu ekikulu ekyakwata ku ndowooza ya Hitler mu kiseera kino yali Aufbau Vereinigung, ekibinja ky’olukwe eky’Abazungu Abarussia abaali mu buwanganguse n’Abanazi abaasooka. Ekibinja kino, nga kiweebwa ssente okuva mu bannamakolero abagagga, kyaleeta Hitler ekirowoozo ky’olukwe lw’Abayudaaya, nga lukwataganya ensimbi z’ensi yonna n’enzikiriza ya Bolshevism. Enteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’Abanazi yategekebwa mu nsonga 25 nga 24 Ogwokubiri 1920. Kino tekyakiikirira ndowooza ekwatagana, wabula kyali kibiina kya ndowooza ezafunibwa ezaali zirina ssente mu völkisch pan-Germanic movement, nga ultranationalism, okuwakanya Endagaano ya Versailles, obuteesiga bwanaasiwamukange, awamu n'endowooza ezimu ez'anaakalyako ani. Eri Hitler, ekintu ekyali kisinga obukulu kwe kulwanyisa Abayudaaya ekyalimu . Era enteekateeka eno yagitwala ng’okusinga omusingi gwa ppokoppoko n’okusikiriza abantu okujja ku kabaga. gtdlw0gps08ifayzl8c9vjdr759xnb7 0 3778 65640 65552 2026-07-30T19:12:01Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] ebd9upmrom5r9xbdxukofm30sugyen7 65641 65640 2026-07-30T19:13:17Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] izkn2pskfqb081lw0re7rp26x66lr9h 65642 65641 2026-07-30T19:14:14Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 65642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 0cix41w3mc3s3bepwbhrpxz71xwwaur 65643 65642 2026-07-30T19:15:22Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Apuli) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ddesemba ne Maaki–Muzigo).[1] Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu maserengeta, aga wakati, n'ag'ebugwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Victoria okutuuka mu buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.[1] Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 8kr5mk0npi5kuehafxpnvpemp25iuyn 65644 65643 2026-07-30T19:19:57Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] qkuut5gezy3cbhum7dfgejunz0zr7dy 65645 65644 2026-07-30T19:20:48Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.[1] Waliwo ebyokulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.[2] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] nozx1wixhz3qa88b80gf4rnbqxh301e 65646 65645 2026-07-30T19:22:36Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] ayxd625z0uhekmd2c8l3eunkfijiob1 65647 65646 2026-07-30T19:23:32Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).[1][2] Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.[3] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] jqgv2sm8c8rz00s6nblne2f8fpd3v92 65648 65647 2026-07-30T19:24:43Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] pon2u7pqdt85y7h4z6ep9c05l3suvw4 65649 65648 2026-07-30T19:25:38Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano ya United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kweraliikirira okweyongera olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] g8ncvtsqogif5vlyzt8lotwpoaohfqx 65650 65649 2026-07-30T19:28:59Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 5s0p05b78wpxi5n51xoizkiq1nmk55d 65651 65650 2026-07-30T19:31:31Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Amakuumiro g'ebisolo by'omunsiko''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa eby’omusaayi omubuguma, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu mbuga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] jvpnvpxpuusq4ryquyknkvyi1xs29fl 65661 65651 2026-07-31T02:10:41Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] kwrh8jln5mdvfq53uztu8sb8lqd3z10 65662 65661 2026-07-31T02:12:50Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.[1] Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'embalaasi[2] zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] hw8g4ark00kpek219959sr9umu0ohua 65663 65662 2026-07-31T02:14:20Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 05ds4nyjo7boi4zwc4bmfcm3nq09bzb 65664 65663 2026-07-31T02:15:11Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 65664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebikere nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.[1] Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.[2] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 6e2sm5j1hvyryzthn90d771or0kz322 65665 65664 2026-07-31T02:16:51Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] cxmq83deicqbrsjx5oc6xp2ao38l8w9 65666 65665 2026-07-31T02:18:02Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina omuwendo gwa 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ogwali ogwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi 172.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 8urhdbm27b301cn9zpvp09szf0xi2rl 65667 65666 2026-07-31T02:20:05Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] ghpvrr9nhw7kvzqb9brvovkfaal0y1u 65668 65667 2026-07-31T02:20:55Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaseeko omutwe 65668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] b0pivhmgpol62yah1b3qq89mfpwhpdx 65669 65668 2026-07-31T02:22:12Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga ssemateeka yakyusibwa.[1]: § 3  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'okwefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.[2] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 3ejgkwgmtvrj2tzbvd5xseapi19dtn1 65670 65669 2026-07-31T02:24:25Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org2">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] q5fhuaw67fltsyx192eorblv232shby 65671 65670 2026-07-31T02:26:12Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org2">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> John Magufuli yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa Okitobba 2015 era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu paalamenti.[1][2] Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.[3] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] m0ctgt87qtnzo98sp7l93p9u2a6tj28 65672 65671 2026-07-31T02:28:16Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org2">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 700kdxd8wxz7qxsoyfmpssaitwfmerx 65673 65672 2026-07-31T02:29:23Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] kob574x8lyp4w15pwh6ld6709j3yojx 65674 65673 2026-07-31T02:30:34Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu kyokubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Ddesemba 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] am1bdvmpda3cnau7h20dxtvn49jn3px 65675 65674 2026-07-31T02:32:02Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] i2uelerd172o76p97pizln5sf76sakb 65676 65675 2026-07-31T02:32:58Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Noovemba 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye ekyokubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, Tundu Lissu yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 1.9.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 5fl7o7i9gqvrhcungk4eg7me8004jqb 65677 65676 2026-07-31T02:34:38Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] r8p540bv38t5ev4eip4sxrfmoq0epnk 65678 65677 2026-07-31T02:35:42Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, Samia Suluhu Hassan, yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] kmwd6ct2r75ivfvmx42bay6yhvb0hfn 65679 65678 2026-07-31T02:37:11Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 5frc1pmpt6f57i8edhj2l4wxwrx3vth 65680 65679 2026-07-31T02:39:28Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 65680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] c461ir4309zk9850tifos4p5yaneseu 65681 65680 2026-07-31T02:40:38Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, Samia Suluhu Hassan yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] m23g47cw6084h9m0s51xyvi4bsv2898 65682 65681 2026-07-31T02:41:58Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 8n3l4l88h974j2nkw00e0yf93fli7hi 65683 65682 2026-07-31T02:43:51Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ebisanja by'emyaka etaano.[1]: § 42(2)  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.[1]: §§ 47(2), 50(1)  Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.[1]: § 66(2) == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] pz2zf813506966ym15b35zilkpkv58z 65684 65683 2026-07-31T02:47:05Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 9tt3eo65qatg2pvim22uezwoamp9qkt 65685 65684 2026-07-31T02:48:15Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 65685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.[1]: §§ 51(1)-(2), 52(2)  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.[1]: § 55  Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi wa kitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.[2] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 16l4ib28auka5oeuingl7h0qbn2vsxp 65686 65685 2026-07-31T02:50:32Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 6iso59fkkhywbo8hz887vwwgurau3y6 65687 65686 2026-07-31T02:52:29Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddeko ekifaananyi 65687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] q2ni8xz4dyld9se8d98xxijgfeooc8c 65688 65687 2026-07-31T02:55:16Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddeko ekifaananyi 65688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] r1kdhyn8z5inn90lxa6rceaelzdyjl5 65689 65688 2026-07-31T02:56:39Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddeko ekifaananyi 65689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] m0z64xxzw2ivwgz8gwu2s7smsw1mwud 65699 65689 2026-07-31T04:49:29Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,[1]: § 64(1)  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.[2] Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 27bhe80hfejoij9wcxtfzfgj6fw6t83 65700 65699 2026-07-31T04:51:31Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name=":0" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] stowa9onqooj79wbqes4uclplvdz1i5 65702 65700 2026-07-31T04:52:37Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 65702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name=":0" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.[1]: § 66(1)  Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.[1]: § 75. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] qe44tgjnfzssntgs4bgs4l05hjbyf4h 65703 65702 2026-07-31T04:55:57Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] r3yfd3ovbif6xi5tdsufhqafz9rgp1j 65704 65703 2026-07-31T04:58:20Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] dsqw1wba5mb4aeimzfxqhddpp4fbgna 65705 65704 2026-07-31T04:59:01Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 584dzk5x39qxot35epy2wffmbudotgq 65706 65705 2026-07-31T05:00:33Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.[1] Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.[1] Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.[1] Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 43c6dggnlhtmbojii22q9sjuqj6myfe 65707 65706 2026-07-31T05:03:25Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] fp6qys7pnx47b06kepvwlyij94d0vki 65708 65707 2026-07-31T05:04:37Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 65708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.[1] Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu High Court of Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.[1] Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu High Court of Zanzibar.[1][2]: § 99(1)  Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] fl57ggvtiv76r8js8swmcijqxx9fg6q 65710 65708 2026-07-31T05:10:26Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] loeqqtui5blvm301ukulsvek1ifquyt 65711 65710 2026-07-31T05:12:05Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – ebyobusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka[1] – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.[2] Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.[3] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] kuyqhr2sxfwrr12m5y2vfin3jkmqadc 65712 65711 2026-07-31T05:14:12Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] odte7ovwdxh7q13n296clu19b8io5op 65714 65712 2026-07-31T05:15:22Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,[1] okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.[2]: §§ 109(1), 118(2)–(3)  Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.[3] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 6g2u15tnpyk68lkjf3ylh28qsyhb1qz 65715 65714 2026-07-31T05:17:26Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Nchemba]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] bi6jcsnfdxxcc8k1n6gh4cuscsczq8o 65716 65715 2026-07-31T05:19:54Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddeko ekifaananyi 65716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 4dncimnfz2gmb0siypma3ztbuksnbn6 65718 65716 2026-07-31T05:21:37Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddeko ekifaananyi 65718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 7kah6cq37tbjprtpehpm5i1rf4vqaph 65720 65718 2026-07-31T05:24:21Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddeko ekifaananyi 65720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] gjm3q6xryu0t3ffdojz4h39ob20d7uh 65722 65720 2026-07-31T05:26:55Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu omutwe 65722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti ez'awakati''' == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] gyw7w3do84s3g3icn0nl0w1vz2ejrlo 65723 65722 2026-07-31T05:27:53Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti ez'awakati''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] msgqp3q9evdc4ex9e9awuo396s85nri 65724 65723 2026-07-31T05:29:28Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 65724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, National Assembly yassaawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka." [1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] lfdgbovf6x3qiglritlt9w3qychb0b3 65725 65724 2026-07-31T05:31:02Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] gypmy0nxalbprmv72xt3yl1r5z48m7o 65726 65725 2026-07-31T05:32:06Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,[1][2] amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).[3] Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] grpt09grh8iw7b3nws7afz28lnap3ko 65727 65726 2026-07-31T05:33:56Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] fkls0ip1bny8t93i4fynu4bawb0fr4q 65728 65727 2026-07-31T05:35:42Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze, munisipaali, oba town council era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 3ufys6srdvk0yp1gxn9vho4agcxufgv 65729 65728 2026-07-31T05:42:30Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] bycgn7znpetjtbuhdhlwccijkdfbdkt 65731 65729 2026-07-31T07:20:13Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu palamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo' eby'abakyala". == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 27ofnu1k2amzrbu5g4tq3zfmihka1gi 65732 65731 2026-07-31T07:22:14Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] cc9cygpnf37if6o5swghfh5wylbsi7i 65733 65732 2026-07-31T07:23:10Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 65733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.[1][2] Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] dykfg8zxggrqqsrihei2j681hwr1kyk 65734 65733 2026-07-31T07:24:03Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nterezezza mu mpandiika 65734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 7u2txfco5dxlxsaqi8zxnnnzxggtmxt 65735 65734 2026-07-31T07:24:53Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu omutwe 65735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 1lzf8bqgutkr9q3xvb0qwt8n1ka31oo 65736 65735 2026-07-31T07:25:50Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' Enkola z'ebweru wa Tanzania ziri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okusobola okudda mu kifo ky'Enkola y'Ebweru eya 2001, eyali enkola y'ebweru eyasooka mu butongole mu Tanzania.[1][2] Nga 2001 tannatuuka, enkola y'ebweru wa Tanzania yali efugibwa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebyayisibwa Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere, okusingira ddala Circular No. 2 eya 1964,[3] Ekirangiriro kya Arusha,[4] n'Enkola y'Ensonga Ezeebweru eya 1967.[5] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] egads6k5s327ne6arm3sjttbg6ofwuw 65738 65736 2026-07-31T07:27:46Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' Enkola z'ebweru wa Tanzania ziri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okusobola okudda mu kifo ky'Enkola y'Ebweru eya 2001, eyali enkola y'ebweru eyasooka mu butongole mu Tanzania.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP2">{{Cite report|url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/resources/view/nje-bulletin-april-2021|title=Tanzania, kufanya mageuzi ya Kidiplomasia|last1=Buhohela|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Bulu|first2=Sheiba|date=1 April 2021|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation]]|issue=1|location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]|language=sw|access-date=21 June 2022|trans-title=In Tanzania, to carry out Diplomatic reforms}}</ref><ref name="Citizen_22">{{Cite news |last=Kanyabwoya |first=Damas |date=13 January 2022 |title=Tanzania's key focus areas in the new Foreign Policy. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=The Citizen |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=English}}</ref> Nga 2001 tannatuuka, enkola y'ebweru wa Tanzania yali efugibwa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebyayisibwa Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere, okusingira ddala Circular No. 2 eya 1964,<ref name="FaMinistry_about">{{Cite web |title=ABOUT THE MINISTRY |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/about-the-ministry |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Ekirangiriro kya Arusha,<ref name="Nyerere_67ad">{{Cite book |last=Nyerere |first=Julius K |author-link=Julius Nyerere |date=1967 |title=The Arusha Declaration and Tanu's policy on socialism and self-reliance |url=https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/2-tanzania-s0019634.pdf |publisher=[[Tanganyika African National Union|TANU, Publicity Section]] |edition=1 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=en |chapter=The Policy of Self-Reliance |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> n'Enkola y'Ensonga Ezeebweru eya 1967.<ref name="Nyerere_67fa">{{Cite speech|last=Nyerere|first=Julius K.|author-link=Julius Nyerere|event=Tanganyika African National Union National Conference|location=Dar es Salaam|date=16 October 1967|title=Tanzania policy on foreign affairs|type=Presidential Address|publisher=Ministry of Information and Tourism|url=https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415085417/https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 3eflysisr7vz2zxlnqs8lk3dzi5m337 65739 65738 2026-07-31T07:29:01Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 65739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' Enkola z'ebweru wa Tanzania ziri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okusobola okudda mu kifo ky'Enkola y'Ebweru eya 2001, eyali enkola y'ebweru eyasooka mu butongole mu Tanzania.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP2">{{Cite report|url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/resources/view/nje-bulletin-april-2021|title=Tanzania, kufanya mageuzi ya Kidiplomasia|last1=Buhohela|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Bulu|first2=Sheiba|date=1 April 2021|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation]]|issue=1|location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]|language=sw|access-date=21 June 2022|trans-title=In Tanzania, to carry out Diplomatic reforms}}</ref><ref name="Citizen_22">{{Cite news |last=Kanyabwoya |first=Damas |date=13 January 2022 |title=Tanzania's key focus areas in the new Foreign Policy. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=The Citizen |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=English}}</ref> Nga 2001 tannatuuka, enkola y'ebweru wa Tanzania yali efugibwa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebyayisibwa Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere, okusingira ddala Circular No. 2 eya 1964,<ref name="FaMinistry_about">{{Cite web |title=ABOUT THE MINISTRY |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/about-the-ministry |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Ekirangiriro kya Arusha,<ref name="Nyerere_67ad">{{Cite book |last=Nyerere |first=Julius K |author-link=Julius Nyerere |date=1967 |title=The Arusha Declaration and Tanu's policy on socialism and self-reliance |url=https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/2-tanzania-s0019634.pdf |publisher=[[Tanganyika African National Union|TANU, Publicity Section]] |edition=1 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=en |chapter=The Policy of Self-Reliance |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> n'Enkola y'Ensonga Ez'ebweru eya 1967.<ref name="Nyerere_67fa">{{Cite speech|last=Nyerere|first=Julius K.|author-link=Julius Nyerere|event=Tanganyika African National Union National Conference|location=Dar es Salaam|date=16 October 1967|title=Tanzania policy on foreign affairs|type=Presidential Address|publisher=Ministry of Information and Tourism|url=https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415085417/https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebigambo bino byali bissa essira ku by'obufuzi by'ebweru okusingira ddala ku bwetwaze n'obwetwaze, eddembe ly'obuntu, n'obumu bwa Afirika.[1][2] Enkola y'ebweru empya eriwo mu 2001 yatandikibwawo okusobola okukola ku nkomerero y'obufuzi bw'amatwale n'Olutalo olw'Embeera z'Ensi, okugaziwa kw'ensi yonna, ebyenfuna by'akatale n'okugaziya emirimu, n'eggwanga lya Tanzania eririmu ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi. Essira lyayo erisinga liri ku by'obusuubuzi n'enkulaakulana.[3] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 8yktblke34xs46eyrfqndue80dp4zm0 65740 65739 2026-07-31T07:30:10Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' Enkola z'ebweru wa Tanzania ziri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okusobola okudda mu kifo ky'Enkola y'Ebweru eya 2001, eyali enkola y'ebweru eyasooka mu butongole mu Tanzania.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP2">{{Cite report|url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/resources/view/nje-bulletin-april-2021|title=Tanzania, kufanya mageuzi ya Kidiplomasia|last1=Buhohela|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Bulu|first2=Sheiba|date=1 April 2021|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation]]|issue=1|location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]|language=sw|access-date=21 June 2022|trans-title=In Tanzania, to carry out Diplomatic reforms}}</ref><ref name="Citizen_22">{{Cite news |last=Kanyabwoya |first=Damas |date=13 January 2022 |title=Tanzania's key focus areas in the new Foreign Policy. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=The Citizen |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=English}}</ref> Nga 2001 tannatuuka, enkola y'ebweru wa Tanzania yali efugibwa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebyayisibwa Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere, okusingira ddala Circular No. 2 eya 1964,<ref name="FaMinistry_about">{{Cite web |title=ABOUT THE MINISTRY |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/about-the-ministry |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Ekirangiriro kya Arusha,<ref name="Nyerere_67ad">{{Cite book |last=Nyerere |first=Julius K |author-link=Julius Nyerere |date=1967 |title=The Arusha Declaration and Tanu's policy on socialism and self-reliance |url=https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/2-tanzania-s0019634.pdf |publisher=[[Tanganyika African National Union|TANU, Publicity Section]] |edition=1 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=en |chapter=The Policy of Self-Reliance |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> n'Enkola y'Ensonga Ez'ebweru eya 1967.<ref name="Nyerere_67fa">{{Cite speech|last=Nyerere|first=Julius K.|author-link=Julius Nyerere|event=Tanganyika African National Union National Conference|location=Dar es Salaam|date=16 October 1967|title=Tanzania policy on foreign affairs|type=Presidential Address|publisher=Ministry of Information and Tourism|url=https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415085417/https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebigambo bino byali bissa essira ku by'obufuzi by'ebweru okusingira ddala ku bwetwaze n'obwetwaze, eddembe ly'obuntu, n'obumu bwa Afirika.<ref name="Nzomo_99">{{Cite book |last=Nzomo |first=Maria |date=1999 |title=African Foreign Policies |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429502521-10/foreign-policy-tanzania-cold-war-post%E2%80%93cold-war-maria-nzomo |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-50252-1 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Stephen |location=[[New York, NY]] |pages=184–187 |chapter=The Foreign Policy of Tanzania: From Cold War to Post–Cold War |doi=10.4324/9780429502521-10 |s2cid=155717453}}</ref><ref name="Magoma_20">{{Cite thesis|last=MAGOMA|first=Suleiman Masegesa|title=The Significant role of Tanzania's diplomacy towards economic development|date=22 February 2020|degree=Public Policy|publisher=[[KDI School of Public Policy and Management]]|url=https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/handle/11125/34174|place=[[Sejong City|Sejong City, South Korea]]|language=en}}</ref> Enkola y'ebweru empya eriwo mu 2001 yatandikibwawo okusobola okukola ku nkomerero y'obufuzi bw'amatwale n'Olutalo olw'Embeera z'Ensi, okugaziwa kw'ensi yonna, ebyenfuna by'akatale n'okugaziya emirimu, n'eggwanga lya Tanzania eririmu ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi. Essira lyayo erisinga liri ku by'obusuubuzi n'enkulaakulana.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Foreign Policy the Case of Economic Diplomacy |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/tanzania-foreign-policy-the-case-of-economic-diplomacy |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] iv1xb5ilwmb26nacbw85y1vesbz4kzz 65747 65740 2026-07-31T08:11:57Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' Enkola z'ebweru wa Tanzania ziri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okusobola okudda mu kifo ky'Enkola y'Ebweru eya 2001, eyali enkola y'ebweru eyasooka mu butongole mu Tanzania.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP2">{{Cite report|url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/resources/view/nje-bulletin-april-2021|title=Tanzania, kufanya mageuzi ya Kidiplomasia|last1=Buhohela|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Bulu|first2=Sheiba|date=1 April 2021|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation]]|issue=1|location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]|language=sw|access-date=21 June 2022|trans-title=In Tanzania, to carry out Diplomatic reforms}}</ref><ref name="Citizen_22">{{Cite news |last=Kanyabwoya |first=Damas |date=13 January 2022 |title=Tanzania's key focus areas in the new Foreign Policy. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=The Citizen |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=English}}</ref> Nga 2001 tannatuuka, enkola y'ebweru wa Tanzania yali efugibwa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebyayisibwa Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere, okusingira ddala Circular No. 2 eya 1964,<ref name="FaMinistry_about">{{Cite web |title=ABOUT THE MINISTRY |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/about-the-ministry |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Ekirangiriro kya Arusha,<ref name="Nyerere_67ad">{{Cite book |last=Nyerere |first=Julius K |author-link=Julius Nyerere |date=1967 |title=The Arusha Declaration and Tanu's policy on socialism and self-reliance |url=https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/2-tanzania-s0019634.pdf |publisher=[[Tanganyika African National Union|TANU, Publicity Section]] |edition=1 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=en |chapter=The Policy of Self-Reliance |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> n'Enkola y'Ensonga Ez'ebweru eya 1967.<ref name="Nyerere_67fa">{{Cite speech|last=Nyerere|first=Julius K.|author-link=Julius Nyerere|event=Tanganyika African National Union National Conference|location=Dar es Salaam|date=16 October 1967|title=Tanzania policy on foreign affairs|type=Presidential Address|publisher=Ministry of Information and Tourism|url=https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415085417/https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebigambo bino byali bissa essira ku by'obufuzi by'ebweru okusingira ddala ku bwetwaze n'obwetwaze, eddembe ly'obuntu, n'obumu bwa Afirika.<ref name="Nzomo_99">{{Cite book |last=Nzomo |first=Maria |date=1999 |title=African Foreign Policies |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429502521-10/foreign-policy-tanzania-cold-war-post%E2%80%93cold-war-maria-nzomo |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-50252-1 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Stephen |location=[[New York, NY]] |pages=184–187 |chapter=The Foreign Policy of Tanzania: From Cold War to Post–Cold War |doi=10.4324/9780429502521-10 |s2cid=155717453}}</ref><ref name="Magoma_20">{{Cite thesis|last=MAGOMA|first=Suleiman Masegesa|title=The Significant role of Tanzania's diplomacy towards economic development|date=22 February 2020|degree=Public Policy|publisher=[[KDI School of Public Policy and Management]]|url=https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/handle/11125/34174|place=[[Sejong City|Sejong City, South Korea]]|language=en}}</ref> Enkola y'ebweru empya eriwo mu 2001 yatandikibwawo okusobola okukola ku nkomerero y'obufuzi bw'amatwale n'Olutalo olw'Embeera z'Ensi, okugaziwa kw'ensi yonna, ebyenfuna by'akatale n'okugaziya emirimu, n'eggwanga lya Tanzania eririmu ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi. Essira lyayo erisinga liri ku by'obusuubuzi n'enkulaakulana.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Foreign Policy the Case of Economic Diplomacy |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/tanzania-foreign-policy-the-case-of-economic-diplomacy |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Enkola y'ensonga z'ebweru empya eya 2001, ekyakozesebwa leero, erina omusingi gw'emisingi musanvu; obwetwaze, obwetwaze mu byenfuna, okubeera omulungi eri baliraanwa, obumu bwa Afirika, obutabaako ludda lw'owagira mu by'obufuzi, enkolagana mu by'enfuna, n'okukolagana mu nsi yonna okusobola okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna n'emirembe.[1] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 0i4gtm1g8grohrrln73llmxjr8i4ja4 65748 65747 2026-07-31T08:12:49Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' Enkola z'ebweru wa Tanzania ziri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okusobola okudda mu kifo ky'Enkola y'Ebweru eya 2001, eyali enkola y'ebweru eyasooka mu butongole mu Tanzania.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP2">{{Cite report|url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/resources/view/nje-bulletin-april-2021|title=Tanzania, kufanya mageuzi ya Kidiplomasia|last1=Buhohela|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Bulu|first2=Sheiba|date=1 April 2021|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation]]|issue=1|location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]|language=sw|access-date=21 June 2022|trans-title=In Tanzania, to carry out Diplomatic reforms}}</ref><ref name="Citizen_22">{{Cite news |last=Kanyabwoya |first=Damas |date=13 January 2022 |title=Tanzania's key focus areas in the new Foreign Policy. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=The Citizen |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=English}}</ref> Nga 2001 tannatuuka, enkola y'ebweru wa Tanzania yali efugibwa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebyayisibwa Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere, okusingira ddala Circular No. 2 eya 1964,<ref name="FaMinistry_about">{{Cite web |title=ABOUT THE MINISTRY |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/about-the-ministry |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Ekirangiriro kya Arusha,<ref name="Nyerere_67ad">{{Cite book |last=Nyerere |first=Julius K |author-link=Julius Nyerere |date=1967 |title=The Arusha Declaration and Tanu's policy on socialism and self-reliance |url=https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/2-tanzania-s0019634.pdf |publisher=[[Tanganyika African National Union|TANU, Publicity Section]] |edition=1 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=en |chapter=The Policy of Self-Reliance |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> n'Enkola y'Ensonga Ez'ebweru eya 1967.<ref name="Nyerere_67fa">{{Cite speech|last=Nyerere|first=Julius K.|author-link=Julius Nyerere|event=Tanganyika African National Union National Conference|location=Dar es Salaam|date=16 October 1967|title=Tanzania policy on foreign affairs|type=Presidential Address|publisher=Ministry of Information and Tourism|url=https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415085417/https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebigambo bino byali bissa essira ku by'obufuzi by'ebweru okusingira ddala ku bwetwaze n'obwetwaze, eddembe ly'obuntu, n'obumu bwa Afirika.<ref name="Nzomo_99">{{Cite book |last=Nzomo |first=Maria |date=1999 |title=African Foreign Policies |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429502521-10/foreign-policy-tanzania-cold-war-post%E2%80%93cold-war-maria-nzomo |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-50252-1 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Stephen |location=[[New York, NY]] |pages=184–187 |chapter=The Foreign Policy of Tanzania: From Cold War to Post–Cold War |doi=10.4324/9780429502521-10 |s2cid=155717453}}</ref><ref name="Magoma_20">{{Cite thesis|last=MAGOMA|first=Suleiman Masegesa|title=The Significant role of Tanzania's diplomacy towards economic development|date=22 February 2020|degree=Public Policy|publisher=[[KDI School of Public Policy and Management]]|url=https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/handle/11125/34174|place=[[Sejong City|Sejong City, South Korea]]|language=en}}</ref> Enkola y'ebweru empya eriwo mu 2001 yatandikibwawo okusobola okukola ku nkomerero y'obufuzi bw'amatwale n'Olutalo olw'Embeera z'Ensi, okugaziwa kw'ensi yonna, ebyenfuna by'akatale n'okugaziya emirimu, n'eggwanga lya Tanzania eririmu ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi. Essira lyayo erisinga liri ku by'obusuubuzi n'enkulaakulana.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Foreign Policy the Case of Economic Diplomacy |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/tanzania-foreign-policy-the-case-of-economic-diplomacy |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Enkola y'ensonga z'ebweru empya eya 2001, ekyakozesebwa leero, erina omusingi gw'emisingi musanvu; obwetwaze, obwetwaze mu byenfuna, okubeera omulungi eri baliraanwa, obumu bwa Afirika, obutabaako ludda lw'owagira mu by'obufuzi, enkolagana mu by'enfuna, n'okukolagana mu nsi yonna okusobola okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna n'emirembe.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP">{{Cite act|year=2001|type=Foreign Policy|legislature=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation|title=The New Foreign Policy|language=en|url=https://en.unesco.org/creativity/sites/creativity/files/qpr/new_foreign_policy_-_2001.pdf}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] ifooiwf55zsslclz8cpifar2po5666o 65749 65748 2026-07-31T08:13:33Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 65749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' Enkola z'ebweru wa Tanzania ziri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okusobola okudda mu kifo ky'Enkola y'Ebweru eya 2001, eyali enkola y'ebweru eyasooka mu butongole mu Tanzania.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP2">{{Cite report|url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/resources/view/nje-bulletin-april-2021|title=Tanzania, kufanya mageuzi ya Kidiplomasia|last1=Buhohela|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Bulu|first2=Sheiba|date=1 April 2021|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation]]|issue=1|location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]|language=sw|access-date=21 June 2022|trans-title=In Tanzania, to carry out Diplomatic reforms}}</ref><ref name="Citizen_22">{{Cite news |last=Kanyabwoya |first=Damas |date=13 January 2022 |title=Tanzania's key focus areas in the new Foreign Policy. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=The Citizen |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=English}}</ref> Nga 2001 tannatuuka, enkola y'ebweru wa Tanzania yali efugibwa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebyayisibwa Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere, okusingira ddala Circular No. 2 eya 1964,<ref name="FaMinistry_about">{{Cite web |title=ABOUT THE MINISTRY |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/about-the-ministry |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Ekirangiriro kya Arusha,<ref name="Nyerere_67ad">{{Cite book |last=Nyerere |first=Julius K |author-link=Julius Nyerere |date=1967 |title=The Arusha Declaration and Tanu's policy on socialism and self-reliance |url=https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/2-tanzania-s0019634.pdf |publisher=[[Tanganyika African National Union|TANU, Publicity Section]] |edition=1 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=en |chapter=The Policy of Self-Reliance |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> n'Enkola y'Ensonga Ez'ebweru eya 1967.<ref name="Nyerere_67fa">{{Cite speech|last=Nyerere|first=Julius K.|author-link=Julius Nyerere|event=Tanganyika African National Union National Conference|location=Dar es Salaam|date=16 October 1967|title=Tanzania policy on foreign affairs|type=Presidential Address|publisher=Ministry of Information and Tourism|url=https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415085417/https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebigambo bino byali bissa essira ku by'obufuzi by'ebweru okusingira ddala ku bwetwaze n'obwetwaze, eddembe ly'obuntu, n'obumu bwa Afirika.<ref name="Nzomo_99">{{Cite book |last=Nzomo |first=Maria |date=1999 |title=African Foreign Policies |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429502521-10/foreign-policy-tanzania-cold-war-post%E2%80%93cold-war-maria-nzomo |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-50252-1 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Stephen |location=[[New York, NY]] |pages=184–187 |chapter=The Foreign Policy of Tanzania: From Cold War to Post–Cold War |doi=10.4324/9780429502521-10 |s2cid=155717453}}</ref><ref name="Magoma_20">{{Cite thesis|last=MAGOMA|first=Suleiman Masegesa|title=The Significant role of Tanzania's diplomacy towards economic development|date=22 February 2020|degree=Public Policy|publisher=[[KDI School of Public Policy and Management]]|url=https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/handle/11125/34174|place=[[Sejong City|Sejong City, South Korea]]|language=en}}</ref> Enkola y'ebweru empya eriwo mu 2001 yatandikibwawo okusobola okukola ku nkomerero y'obufuzi bw'amatwale n'Olutalo olw'Embeera z'Ensi, okugaziwa kw'ensi yonna, ebyenfuna by'akatale n'okugaziya emirimu, n'eggwanga lya Tanzania eririmu ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi. Essira lyayo erisinga liri ku by'obusuubuzi n'enkulaakulana.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Foreign Policy the Case of Economic Diplomacy |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/tanzania-foreign-policy-the-case-of-economic-diplomacy |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Enkola y'ensonga z'ebweru empya eya 2001, ekyakozesebwa leero, erina omusingi gw'emisingi musanvu; obwetwaze, obwetwaze mu byenfuna, okubeera omulungi eri baliraanwa, obumu bwa Afirika, obutabaako ludda lw'owagira mu by'obufuzi, enkolagana mu by'enfuna, n'okukolagana mu nsi yonna okusobola okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna n'emirembe.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP">{{Cite act|year=2001|type=Foreign Policy|legislature=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation|title=The New Foreign Policy|language=en|url=https://en.unesco.org/creativity/sites/creativity/files/qpr/new_foreign_policy_-_2001.pdf}}</ref> Ebigendererwa ebikulu byogerwako ng'okukuuma n'okutumbula eby'obuwangwa n'ebyenfuna, okutandikawo enkolagana n'amawanga amalala nga gavuganyizibwa ebyenfuna, okwetuusaako ebyetaago by'ebyenfuna, emirembe mu ggwanga ne mu nsi yonna, n'okwegatta mu byobufuzi n'ebyenfuna mu kitundu.[1][2] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] gvs9ye4xp7e530fxzrqvo14qmfpb265 65750 65749 2026-07-31T08:14:55Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 65750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' Enkola z'ebweru wa Tanzania ziri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okusobola okudda mu kifo ky'Enkola y'Ebweru eya 2001, eyali enkola y'ebweru eyasooka mu butongole mu Tanzania.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP2">{{Cite report|url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/resources/view/nje-bulletin-april-2021|title=Tanzania, kufanya mageuzi ya Kidiplomasia|last1=Buhohela|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Bulu|first2=Sheiba|date=1 April 2021|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation]]|issue=1|location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]|language=sw|access-date=21 June 2022|trans-title=In Tanzania, to carry out Diplomatic reforms}}</ref><ref name="Citizen_22">{{Cite news |last=Kanyabwoya |first=Damas |date=13 January 2022 |title=Tanzania's key focus areas in the new Foreign Policy. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=The Citizen |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=English}}</ref> Nga 2001 tannatuuka, enkola y'ebweru wa Tanzania yali efugibwa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebyayisibwa Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere, okusingira ddala Circular No. 2 eya 1964,<ref name="FaMinistry_about">{{Cite web |title=ABOUT THE MINISTRY |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/about-the-ministry |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Ekirangiriro kya Arusha,<ref name="Nyerere_67ad">{{Cite book |last=Nyerere |first=Julius K |author-link=Julius Nyerere |date=1967 |title=The Arusha Declaration and Tanu's policy on socialism and self-reliance |url=https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/2-tanzania-s0019634.pdf |publisher=[[Tanganyika African National Union|TANU, Publicity Section]] |edition=1 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=en |chapter=The Policy of Self-Reliance |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> n'Enkola y'Ensonga Ez'ebweru eya 1967.<ref name="Nyerere_67fa">{{Cite speech|last=Nyerere|first=Julius K.|author-link=Julius Nyerere|event=Tanganyika African National Union National Conference|location=Dar es Salaam|date=16 October 1967|title=Tanzania policy on foreign affairs|type=Presidential Address|publisher=Ministry of Information and Tourism|url=https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415085417/https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebigambo bino byali bissa essira ku by'obufuzi by'ebweru okusingira ddala ku bwetwaze n'obwetwaze, eddembe ly'obuntu, n'obumu bwa Afirika.<ref name="Nzomo_99">{{Cite book |last=Nzomo |first=Maria |date=1999 |title=African Foreign Policies |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429502521-10/foreign-policy-tanzania-cold-war-post%E2%80%93cold-war-maria-nzomo |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-50252-1 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Stephen |location=[[New York, NY]] |pages=184–187 |chapter=The Foreign Policy of Tanzania: From Cold War to Post–Cold War |doi=10.4324/9780429502521-10 |s2cid=155717453}}</ref><ref name="Magoma_20">{{Cite thesis|last=MAGOMA|first=Suleiman Masegesa|title=The Significant role of Tanzania's diplomacy towards economic development|date=22 February 2020|degree=Public Policy|publisher=[[KDI School of Public Policy and Management]]|url=https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/handle/11125/34174|place=[[Sejong City|Sejong City, South Korea]]|language=en}}</ref> Enkola y'ebweru empya eriwo mu 2001 yatandikibwawo okusobola okukola ku nkomerero y'obufuzi bw'amatwale n'Olutalo olw'Embeera z'Ensi, okugaziwa kw'ensi yonna, ebyenfuna by'akatale n'okugaziya emirimu, n'eggwanga lya Tanzania eririmu ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi. Essira lyayo erisinga liri ku by'obusuubuzi n'enkulaakulana.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Foreign Policy the Case of Economic Diplomacy |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/tanzania-foreign-policy-the-case-of-economic-diplomacy |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Enkola y'ensonga z'ebweru empya eya 2001, ekyakozesebwa leero, erina omusingi gw'emisingi musanvu; obwetwaze, obwetwaze mu byenfuna, okubeera omulungi eri baliraanwa, obumu bwa Afirika, obutabaako ludda lw'owagira mu by'obufuzi, enkolagana mu by'enfuna, n'okukolagana mu nsi yonna okusobola okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna n'emirembe.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP" /> Ebigendererwa ebikulu byogerwako ng'okukuuma n'okutumbula eby'obuwangwa n'ebyenfuna, okutandikawo enkolagana n'amawanga amalala nga gavuganyizibwa ebyenfuna, okwetuusaako ebyetaago by'ebyenfuna, emirembe mu ggwanga ne mu nsi yonna, n'okwegatta mu byobufuzi n'ebyenfuna mu kitundu.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] lusu58xumoujcypgxat6ymmpqi4f3nb 65751 65750 2026-07-31T08:16:06Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ngaziyizza ekiba 65751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' Enkola z'ebweru wa Tanzania ziri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okusobola okudda mu kifo ky'Enkola y'Ebweru eya 2001, eyali enkola y'ebweru eyasooka mu butongole mu Tanzania.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP2">{{Cite report|url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/resources/view/nje-bulletin-april-2021|title=Tanzania, kufanya mageuzi ya Kidiplomasia|last1=Buhohela|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Bulu|first2=Sheiba|date=1 April 2021|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation]]|issue=1|location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]|language=sw|access-date=21 June 2022|trans-title=In Tanzania, to carry out Diplomatic reforms}}</ref><ref name="Citizen_22">{{Cite news |last=Kanyabwoya |first=Damas |date=13 January 2022 |title=Tanzania's key focus areas in the new Foreign Policy. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=The Citizen |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=English}}</ref> Nga 2001 tannatuuka, enkola y'ebweru wa Tanzania yali efugibwa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebyayisibwa Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere, okusingira ddala Circular No. 2 eya 1964,<ref name="FaMinistry_about">{{Cite web |title=ABOUT THE MINISTRY |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/about-the-ministry |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Ekirangiriro kya Arusha,<ref name="Nyerere_67ad">{{Cite book |last=Nyerere |first=Julius K |author-link=Julius Nyerere |date=1967 |title=The Arusha Declaration and Tanu's policy on socialism and self-reliance |url=https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/2-tanzania-s0019634.pdf |publisher=[[Tanganyika African National Union|TANU, Publicity Section]] |edition=1 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=en |chapter=The Policy of Self-Reliance |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> n'Enkola y'Ensonga Ez'ebweru eya 1967.<ref name="Nyerere_67fa">{{Cite speech|last=Nyerere|first=Julius K.|author-link=Julius Nyerere|event=Tanganyika African National Union National Conference|location=Dar es Salaam|date=16 October 1967|title=Tanzania policy on foreign affairs|type=Presidential Address|publisher=Ministry of Information and Tourism|url=https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415085417/https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebigambo bino byali bissa essira ku by'obufuzi by'ebweru okusingira ddala ku bwetwaze n'obwetwaze, eddembe ly'obuntu, n'obumu bwa Afirika.<ref name="Nzomo_99">{{Cite book |last=Nzomo |first=Maria |date=1999 |title=African Foreign Policies |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429502521-10/foreign-policy-tanzania-cold-war-post%E2%80%93cold-war-maria-nzomo |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-50252-1 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Stephen |location=[[New York, NY]] |pages=184–187 |chapter=The Foreign Policy of Tanzania: From Cold War to Post–Cold War |doi=10.4324/9780429502521-10 |s2cid=155717453}}</ref><ref name="Magoma_20">{{Cite thesis|last=MAGOMA|first=Suleiman Masegesa|title=The Significant role of Tanzania's diplomacy towards economic development|date=22 February 2020|degree=Public Policy|publisher=[[KDI School of Public Policy and Management]]|url=https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/handle/11125/34174|place=[[Sejong City|Sejong City, South Korea]]|language=en}}</ref> Enkola y'ebweru empya eriwo mu 2001 yatandikibwawo okusobola okukola ku nkomerero y'obufuzi bw'amatwale n'Olutalo olw'Embeera z'Ensi, okugaziwa kw'ensi yonna, ebyenfuna by'akatale n'okugaziya emirimu, n'eggwanga lya Tanzania eririmu ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi. Essira lyayo erisinga liri ku by'obusuubuzi n'enkulaakulana.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Foreign Policy the Case of Economic Diplomacy |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/tanzania-foreign-policy-the-case-of-economic-diplomacy |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Enkola y'ensonga z'ebweru empya eya 2001, ekyakozesebwa leero, erina omusingi gw'emisingi musanvu; obwetwaze, obwetwaze mu byenfuna, okubeera omulungi eri baliraanwa, obumu bwa Afirika, obutabaako ludda lw'owagira mu by'obufuzi, enkolagana mu by'enfuna, n'okukolagana mu nsi yonna okusobola okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna n'emirembe.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP" /> Ebigendererwa ebikulu byogerwako ng'okukuuma n'okutumbula eby'obuwangwa n'ebyenfuna, okutandikawo enkolagana n'amawanga amalala nga gavuganyizibwa ebyenfuna, okwetuusaako ebyetaago by'ebyenfuna, emirembe mu ggwanga ne mu nsi yonna, n'okwegatta mu byobufuzi n'ebyenfuna mu kitundu.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP" /> Ebigendererwa ebikulu birambikiddwa nga okukuuma n’okutumbula eby’obuwangwa n’ebyenfuna, okutondawo enkolagana n’amawanga amalala nga kiva ku byanfuna, okweyimirizaawo mu byenfuna, emirembe mu munda n’ensi yonna, n’okwegatta kw’ebyobufuzi n’ebyenfuna mu kitundu.[1][2] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] 7au8neso15ufm1jrft6fcgs5wpj11aw 65752 65751 2026-07-31T08:18:01Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Nyongeddeko ekiba 65752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' Enkola z'ebweru wa Tanzania ziri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okusobola okudda mu kifo ky'Enkola y'Ebweru eya 2001, eyali enkola y'ebweru eyasooka mu butongole mu Tanzania.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP2">{{Cite report|url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/resources/view/nje-bulletin-april-2021|title=Tanzania, kufanya mageuzi ya Kidiplomasia|last1=Buhohela|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Bulu|first2=Sheiba|date=1 April 2021|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation]]|issue=1|location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]|language=sw|access-date=21 June 2022|trans-title=In Tanzania, to carry out Diplomatic reforms}}</ref><ref name="Citizen_22">{{Cite news |last=Kanyabwoya |first=Damas |date=13 January 2022 |title=Tanzania's key focus areas in the new Foreign Policy. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=The Citizen |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=English}}</ref> Nga 2001 tannatuuka, enkola y'ebweru wa Tanzania yali efugibwa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebyayisibwa Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere, okusingira ddala Circular No. 2 eya 1964,<ref name="FaMinistry_about">{{Cite web |title=ABOUT THE MINISTRY |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/about-the-ministry |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Ekirangiriro kya Arusha,<ref name="Nyerere_67ad">{{Cite book |last=Nyerere |first=Julius K |author-link=Julius Nyerere |date=1967 |title=The Arusha Declaration and Tanu's policy on socialism and self-reliance |url=https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/2-tanzania-s0019634.pdf |publisher=[[Tanganyika African National Union|TANU, Publicity Section]] |edition=1 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=en |chapter=The Policy of Self-Reliance |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> n'Enkola y'Ensonga Ez'ebweru eya 1967.<ref name="Nyerere_67fa">{{Cite speech|last=Nyerere|first=Julius K.|author-link=Julius Nyerere|event=Tanganyika African National Union National Conference|location=Dar es Salaam|date=16 October 1967|title=Tanzania policy on foreign affairs|type=Presidential Address|publisher=Ministry of Information and Tourism|url=https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415085417/https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebigambo bino byali bissa essira ku by'obufuzi by'ebweru okusingira ddala ku bwetwaze n'obwetwaze, eddembe ly'obuntu, n'obumu bwa Afirika.<ref name="Nzomo_99">{{Cite book |last=Nzomo |first=Maria |date=1999 |title=African Foreign Policies |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429502521-10/foreign-policy-tanzania-cold-war-post%E2%80%93cold-war-maria-nzomo |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-50252-1 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Stephen |location=[[New York, NY]] |pages=184–187 |chapter=The Foreign Policy of Tanzania: From Cold War to Post–Cold War |doi=10.4324/9780429502521-10 |s2cid=155717453}}</ref><ref name="Magoma_20">{{Cite thesis|last=MAGOMA|first=Suleiman Masegesa|title=The Significant role of Tanzania's diplomacy towards economic development|date=22 February 2020|degree=Public Policy|publisher=[[KDI School of Public Policy and Management]]|url=https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/handle/11125/34174|place=[[Sejong City|Sejong City, South Korea]]|language=en}}</ref> Enkola y'ebweru empya eriwo mu 2001 yatandikibwawo okusobola okukola ku nkomerero y'obufuzi bw'amatwale n'Olutalo olw'Embeera z'Ensi, okugaziwa kw'ensi yonna, ebyenfuna by'akatale n'okugaziya emirimu, n'eggwanga lya Tanzania eririmu ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi. Essira lyayo erisinga liri ku by'obusuubuzi n'enkulaakulana.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Foreign Policy the Case of Economic Diplomacy |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/tanzania-foreign-policy-the-case-of-economic-diplomacy |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Enkola y'ensonga z'ebweru empya eya 2001, ekyakozesebwa leero, erina omusingi gw'emisingi musanvu; obwetwaze, obwetwaze mu byenfuna, okubeera omulungi eri baliraanwa, obumu bwa Afirika, obutabaako ludda lw'owagira mu by'obufuzi, enkolagana mu by'enfuna, n'okukolagana mu nsi yonna okusobola okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna n'emirembe.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP" /> Ebigendererwa ebikulu byogerwako ng'okukuuma n'okutumbula eby'obuwangwa n'ebyenfuna, okutandikawo enkolagana n'amawanga amalala nga gavuganyizibwa ebyenfuna, okwetuusaako ebyetaago by'ebyenfuna, emirembe mu ggwanga ne mu nsi yonna, n'okwegatta mu byobufuzi n'ebyenfuna mu kitundu.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP" /> Okwekenneenya enkola y'ebweru eriwo mu kiseera kino kugenda mu maaso nga kikolebwa gavumenti ey'omulundi ogw'omukaaga okudda mu kifo ky'enkola y'ebweru empya eya 2001.[1] Minisita w'ensonga z'ebweru Liberata Mulamula agambye nti enkola empya zijja kusigaza obukulu n'obutabaako ludda mu nkola y'ebweru eya 2001 ate nga ziteekawo ebintu ebirala ebikulu ennyo okusinga ebirala omuli enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'okussa essira ku by'enfuna nga zissa essira ku by'amaguzi ebiva mu ggwanga ebyongeddwamu omutindo n'eby'enfuna ebya digito.[2] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] beml2cv97jcni814rog7uo8pv7e0u40 2 5830 65660 45824 2026-07-30T21:07:04Z Ssemmanda will 3837 added [[Category:Wikipedians in Uganda]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 65660 wikitext text/x-wiki Wilson Ssemmanda (Ssemmanda will) mukugu mu lulimi Oluganda, Musomesa, musunsuzi mu lupapula lw'Oluganda olusinga mu nsi yonna (Bukedde News Paper). Yasomera ku Makerere University, ng'ava mu Disitulikiti y'e Mityana. Musunsuzi mu kibanja kya Wikipideya era ayagala kufuuka kakensa (professor) mu lulimi Oluganda. Ayagala nnyo okulaba ng'Oluganda lukulaakulana, lusaasaane era lubune ensi yonna oboolyawo lufuuke olulimi lw'Eggwanga Uganda. [[Category:Wikipedians in Uganda]] a7h8ek8gzez6u8gfbv14nn6gwt600l5 0 10308 65587 54205 2026-07-30T13:29:10Z Berniter 10779 65587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa 1975) [[:en:Gospel_music|muyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini]] [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], [[:en:Songwriter|muwandiisi w'ennyimba]], era [[:en:Worship|omusinza]] . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze yasinga okweyoleka kuliko ‘Baddu ba Yesu’, ‘Tukutendereza’, ‘Luyimba lwange’, ne ‘Munene Munene’, n’endala. Ng’omulimu guno guwezezza emyaka egisukka mu makumi abiri, yeenyweza ng’omuntu ow’amaanyi mu nsiike y’okuyimba enjiri mu Uganda. == Gyenvudde n’emirimu == Betty Nakibuuka yazaalibwa nga mwana ow’ekkumi n’omu ku baganda be kkumi na babiri. Ku myaka emito egy’obukulu 14, yatandika okukola. Nakibuuka ng’ali wamu ne nnyina, Rose Nakato, yeenyigira mu kutunda engoye enkadde buli luvannyuma lw'okusoma okusobola okufuna okufuna ssente z’okusoma n’ebyetaago. Maama we bwe yatandika okufuna obulumi mu nyingo n'okuzimba,Nakibuuka amaanyi yagateeka mu kukola yekka. Mu 1991, Nakibuuka bwe yali akola emirimu gye egy'obusuubuzi nga bweyateranga okukola, yasanga ababuulizi abamatiza omuvubuka ono "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna." Nakibuuka yalina obwagazi eri abaana okuva mu buto, ekyamuleetera okwenyigira mu ssomero lya Ssande erya Klezia eryaweebwayo eri abavubuka. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Olwo n’asanga okusembezebwa n’okusiimibwa olw’ekitone kye eky’okuyimba ekyaggulawo ekkubo ly’okukwata ebisale by’olutambi lwe olusooka. Yayingira mu kuwagira ennyimba mu bitongole eby’ekitiibwa nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Ennyimba ze enkakafu == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:   == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} cu2ssk5ydnagg1jvzkk5nmkb7yaar0q 65588 65587 2026-07-30T13:33:32Z Berniter 10779 65588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze yasinga okweyoleka kuliko ‘Baddu ba Yesu’, ‘Tukutendereza’, ‘Luyimba lwange’, ne ‘Munene Munene’, n’endala. Ng’omulimu guno guwezezza emyaka egisukka mu makumi abiri, yeenyweza ng’omuntu ow’amaanyi mu nsiike y’okuyimba enjiri mu Uganda. == Gyenvudde n’emirimu == Betty Nakibuuka yazaalibwa nga mwana ow’ekkumi n’omu ku baganda be kkumi na babiri. Ku myaka emito egy’obukulu 14, yatandika okukola. Nakibuuka ng’ali wamu ne nnyina, Rose Nakato, yeenyigira mu kutunda engoye enkadde buli luvannyuma lw'okusoma okusobola okufuna okufuna ssente z’okusoma n’ebyetaago. Maama we bwe yatandika okufuna obulumi mu nyingo n'okuzimba,Nakibuuka amaanyi yagateeka mu kukola yekka. Mu 1991, Nakibuuka bwe yali akola emirimu gye egy'obusuubuzi nga bweyateranga okukola, yasanga ababuulizi abamatiza omuvubuka ono "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna." Nakibuuka yalina obwagazi eri abaana okuva mu buto, ekyamuleetera okwenyigira mu ssomero lya Ssande erya Klezia eryaweebwayo eri abavubuka. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Olwo n’asanga okusembezebwa n’okusiimibwa olw’ekitone kye eky’okuyimba ekyaggulawo ekkubo ly’okukwata ebisale by’olutambi lwe olusooka. Yayingira mu kuwagira ennyimba mu bitongole eby’ekitiibwa nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Ennyimba ze enkakafu == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:   == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} qe0fo2ojycve2uqhrmx5nbziyfrokwu 65589 65588 2026-07-30T13:41:27Z Berniter 10779 65589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Gyenvudde n’emirimu == Betty Nakibuuka yazaalibwa nga mwana ow’ekkumi n’omu ku baganda be kkumi na babiri. Ku myaka emito egy’obukulu 14, yatandika okukola. Nakibuuka ng’ali wamu ne nnyina, Rose Nakato, yeenyigira mu kutunda engoye enkadde buli luvannyuma lw'okusoma okusobola okufuna okufuna ssente z’okusoma n’ebyetaago. Maama we bwe yatandika okufuna obulumi mu nyingo n'okuzimba,Nakibuuka amaanyi yagateeka mu kukola yekka. Mu 1991, Nakibuuka bwe yali akola emirimu gye egy'obusuubuzi nga bweyateranga okukola, yasanga ababuulizi abamatiza omuvubuka ono "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna." Nakibuuka yalina obwagazi eri abaana okuva mu buto, ekyamuleetera okwenyigira mu ssomero lya Ssande erya Klezia eryaweebwayo eri abavubuka. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Olwo n’asanga okusembezebwa n’okusiimibwa olw’ekitone kye eky’okuyimba ekyaggulawo ekkubo ly’okukwata ebisale by’olutambi lwe olusooka. Yayingira mu kuwagira ennyimba mu bitongole eby’ekitiibwa nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Ennyimba ze enkakafu == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:   == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} gy6isde6k74uh12r1gp1wvo88ttzu8a 65590 65589 2026-07-30T13:44:52Z Berniter 10779 /* Gyenvudde n’emirimu */ 65590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka yazaalibwa nga mwana ow’ekkumi n’omu ku baganda be kkumi na babiri. Ku myaka emito egy’obukulu 14, yatandika okukola. Nakibuuka ng’ali wamu ne nnyina, Rose Nakato, yeenyigira mu kutunda engoye enkadde buli luvannyuma lw'okusoma okusobola okufuna okufuna ssente z’okusoma n’ebyetaago. Maama we bwe yatandika okufuna obulumi mu nyingo n'okuzimba,Nakibuuka amaanyi yagateeka mu kukola yekka. Mu 1991, Nakibuuka bwe yali akola emirimu gye egy'obusuubuzi nga bweyateranga okukola, yasanga ababuulizi abamatiza omuvubuka ono "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna." Nakibuuka yalina obwagazi eri abaana okuva mu buto, ekyamuleetera okwenyigira mu ssomero lya Ssande erya Klezia eryaweebwayo eri abavubuka. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Olwo n’asanga okusembezebwa n’okusiimibwa olw’ekitone kye eky’okuyimba ekyaggulawo ekkubo ly’okukwata ebisale by’olutambi lwe olusooka. Yayingira mu kuwagira ennyimba mu bitongole eby’ekitiibwa nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Ennyimba ze enkakafu == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:   == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} isvzhgcf8n37we8ebszadqbppyovsmo 65593 65590 2026-07-30T14:00:33Z Berniter 10779 /* Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye */ 65593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okufuna obulumi mu nyingo n'okuzimba,Nakibuuka amaanyi yagateeka mu kukola yekka. Mu 1991, Nakibuuka bwe yali akola emirimu gye egy'obusuubuzi nga bweyateranga okukola, yasanga ababuulizi abamatiza omuvubuka ono "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna." Nakibuuka yalina obwagazi eri abaana okuva mu buto, ekyamuleetera okwenyigira mu ssomero lya Ssande erya Klezia eryaweebwayo eri abavubuka. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Olwo n’asanga okusembezebwa n’okusiimibwa olw’ekitone kye eky’okuyimba ekyaggulawo ekkubo ly’okukwata ebisale by’olutambi lwe olusooka. Yayingira mu kuwagira ennyimba mu bitongole eby’ekitiibwa nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Ennyimba ze enkakafu == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:   == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} ok4porhzbuqnvt50st3xm0fxyjzhmf7 65598 65593 2026-07-30T14:08:41Z Berniter 10779 /* Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye */ 65598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yalina obwagazi eri abaana okuva mu buto, ekyamuleetera okwenyigira mu ssomero lya Ssande erya Klezia eryaweebwayo eri abavubuka. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Olwo n’asanga okusembezebwa n’okusiimibwa olw’ekitone kye eky’okuyimba ekyaggulawo ekkubo ly’okukwata ebisale by’olutambi lwe olusooka. Yayingira mu kuwagira ennyimba mu bitongole eby’ekitiibwa nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Ennyimba ze enkakafu == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:   == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} fhdrlu11qp2vj8e875r686u5sjpgap2 65600 65598 2026-07-30T14:18:56Z Berniter 10779 /* Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye */ 65600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu sunday school. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Olwo n’asanga okusembezebwa n’okusiimibwa olw’ekitone kye eky’okuyimba ekyaggulawo ekkubo ly’okukwata ebisale by’olutambi lwe olusooka. Yayingira mu kuwagira ennyimba mu bitongole eby’ekitiibwa nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Ennyimba ze enkakafu == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:   == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} q97h4l5bvw0sxxp1cbmxdcheqgxq2zm 65601 65600 2026-07-30T14:20:12Z Berniter 10779 /* Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye */ 65601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Olwo n’asanga okusembezebwa n’okusiimibwa olw’ekitone kye eky’okuyimba ekyaggulawo ekkubo ly’okukwata ebisale by’olutambi lwe olusooka. Yayingira mu kuwagira ennyimba mu bitongole eby’ekitiibwa nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Ennyimba ze enkakafu == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:   == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} thq5zxkpxpc5b6bttvpvbcvr27wj3b8 65603 65601 2026-07-30T14:31:02Z Berniter 10779 /* Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye */ 65603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kuwagira ennyimba mu bitongole eby’ekitiibwa nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Ennyimba ze enkakafu == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:   == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} e105q20qocw7pb6wxw40jpfwatcikp8 65605 65603 2026-07-30T14:34:35Z Berniter 10779 /* Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye */ 65605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Ennyimba ze enkakafu == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:   == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 0x2rlcq087318y3hmetgx9hd7q1rnzz 65608 65605 2026-07-30T14:45:15Z Berniter 10779 /* Ennyimba ze enkakafu */ 65608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:   == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} ll0qvjpdtcu68trkacydgyjq3p84w3o 65609 65608 2026-07-30T14:45:32Z Berniter 10779 /* Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze */ 65609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} al3ifu5en0ylmefhovu7l367kv86zo2 65610 65609 2026-07-30T14:47:51Z Berniter 10779 /* Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze */ 65610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} jqagtp3bfj8so2dx1uedgejrqdyq0np 65612 65610 2026-07-30T14:49:18Z Berniter 10779 /* Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze */ 65612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wal == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 7aysz9rculboudt9mm9fpl437b7mir0 65613 65612 2026-07-30T14:50:07Z Berniter 10779 /* Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze */ 65613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} tcjrz5hh7s7dvsgbgjuf3ncsjoz3i86 65614 65613 2026-07-30T14:51:16Z Berniter 10779 /* Obulamu bwe */ 65614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka mufumbo ne John Senyonjo era abafumbo bano baagattibwa nga 3rd November 1999 mu kkanisa ya Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 0aj7894ts5dmdns55z6z8m6ga4anttn 65617 65614 2026-07-30T14:59:58Z Berniter 10779 /* Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu */ 65617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga 3 Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} eyelqd8v4h73hotims6zzi8muvv22z5 65618 65617 2026-07-30T15:01:40Z Berniter 10779 /* Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu */ 65618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abaagalana bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} pbegth8st67c0dag1muasbcxitc12o9 65619 65618 2026-07-30T15:02:10Z Berniter 10779 /* Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu */ 65619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria|Omwana Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} s7yutf533558r9x9dt4k4wnj929ap5p 65620 65619 2026-07-30T15:03:08Z Berniter 10779 /* Laba ne */ 65620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * Baby [[Baby Gloria|Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} k2v39fuh2qgltc712vjnp3msv4nn8ny 65621 65620 2026-07-30T15:05:02Z Berniter 10779 /* Laba ne */ 65621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * [[Gabie Ntaate]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 6s7rs4cxi3b1t9jlsv7wjo4gtguxyuk 65622 65621 2026-07-30T15:05:25Z Berniter 10779 /* Laba ne */ 65622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda. == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} jt81ac75jbhbkrojs54yn05n5o7t8cs 65623 65622 2026-07-30T15:10:19Z Berniter 10779 65623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 8lkc408ovjc45kxqecqzr2z8jl4t1so 65624 65623 2026-07-30T15:10:37Z Berniter 10779 65624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 2m75b9eu8a9g4wp2d1vkelkayw00ezf 65625 65624 2026-07-30T15:10:56Z Berniter 10779 65625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} sn50p31yxdphrcg4eyeyhzhnkbw52q6 65626 65625 2026-07-30T15:11:19Z Berniter 10779 65626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze: ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} dm2sj61fv7gpgii0aoctik0ltg6apad 65627 65626 2026-07-30T15:11:55Z Berniter 10779 /* Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze */ 65627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} cg77n5bko2qkhafnu9y5jbz8t1ihdmc 65628 65627 2026-07-30T15:12:13Z Berniter 10779 /* Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze */ 65628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Download: Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo Songs Mp3 Download {{!}} New & Old Songs On DJErycom.com |url=http://www.djerycom.ug//artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331214746/https://www.djerycom.ug/artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=DjErycom.com}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 5e278q8ysxgb46bq1g7dfmu2lfup2hz 65629 65628 2026-07-30T15:12:34Z Berniter 10779 /* Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze */ 65629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Download: Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo Songs Mp3 Download {{!}} New & Old Songs On DJErycom.com |url=http://www.djerycom.ug//artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331214746/https://www.djerycom.ug/artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=DjErycom.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|title=Betty Nakibuuka • Gospel Music, Lyrics, Biography, News, Videos, Events {{!}} thegmp.biz|url=https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|access-date=2023-12-25|website=THEGMP|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001004605/https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|url-status=live}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere. Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 0bs5g7qcc5by5ck0e9mhss6k2ofz6bv 65630 65629 2026-07-30T15:13:25Z Berniter 10779 /* Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu */ 65630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Download: Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo Songs Mp3 Download {{!}} New & Old Songs On DJErycom.com |url=http://www.djerycom.ug//artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331214746/https://www.djerycom.ug/artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=DjErycom.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|title=Betty Nakibuuka • Gospel Music, Lyrics, Biography, News, Videos, Events {{!}} thegmp.biz|url=https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|access-date=2023-12-25|website=THEGMP|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001004605/https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|url-status=live}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=He is the wind that makes our music fly, says Betty |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref>Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . <ref name=":1" /> == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 8li9abn5xf4cwrxb6cxtpsh2q8l2m4m 65631 65630 2026-07-30T15:13:53Z Berniter 10779 /* Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu */ 65631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Download: Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo Songs Mp3 Download {{!}} New & Old Songs On DJErycom.com |url=http://www.djerycom.ug//artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331214746/https://www.djerycom.ug/artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=DjErycom.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|title=Betty Nakibuuka • Gospel Music, Lyrics, Biography, News, Videos, Events {{!}} thegmp.biz|url=https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|access-date=2023-12-25|website=THEGMP|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001004605/https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|url-status=live}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=He is the wind that makes our music fly, says Betty |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref>Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. <ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} giady5bx2iie7b30aoks0c1rwrk7ws7 65632 65631 2026-07-30T15:14:20Z Berniter 10779 /* Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi */ 65632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Download: Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo Songs Mp3 Download {{!}} New & Old Songs On DJErycom.com |url=http://www.djerycom.ug//artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331214746/https://www.djerycom.ug/artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=DjErycom.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|title=Betty Nakibuuka • Gospel Music, Lyrics, Biography, News, Videos, Events {{!}} thegmp.biz|url=https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|access-date=2023-12-25|website=THEGMP|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001004605/https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|url-status=live}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=He is the wind that makes our music fly, says Betty |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref>Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} l44rz0r2xwghzhq61k4nlpx0z9yer6s 65633 65632 2026-07-30T15:15:19Z Berniter 10779 65633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Download: Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo Songs Mp3 Download {{!}} New & Old Songs On DJErycom.com |url=http://www.djerycom.ug//artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331214746/https://www.djerycom.ug/artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=DjErycom.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|title=Betty Nakibuuka • Gospel Music, Lyrics, Biography, News, Videos, Events {{!}} thegmp.biz|url=https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|access-date=2023-12-25|website=THEGMP|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001004605/https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|url-status=live}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=He is the wind that makes our music fly, says Betty |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref>Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] p97scoakvj5vt860one25a7kshbgmyk 65634 65633 2026-07-30T15:15:53Z Berniter 10779 65634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Download: Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo Songs Mp3 Download {{!}} New & Old Songs On DJErycom.com |url=http://www.djerycom.ug//artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331214746/https://www.djerycom.ug/artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=DjErycom.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|title=Betty Nakibuuka • Gospel Music, Lyrics, Biography, News, Videos, Events {{!}} thegmp.biz|url=https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|access-date=2023-12-25|website=THEGMP|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001004605/https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|url-status=live}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=He is the wind that makes our music fly, says Betty |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref>Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1975]] mbzctgusdkuyo7aw0ntue12ivnisclt 65635 65634 2026-07-30T15:16:26Z Berniter 10779 65635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Download: Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo Songs Mp3 Download {{!}} New & Old Songs On DJErycom.com |url=http://www.djerycom.ug//artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331214746/https://www.djerycom.ug/artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=DjErycom.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|title=Betty Nakibuuka • Gospel Music, Lyrics, Biography, News, Videos, Events {{!}} thegmp.biz|url=https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|access-date=2023-12-25|website=THEGMP|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001004605/https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|url-status=live}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=He is the wind that makes our music fly, says Betty |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref>Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1975]] [[Category:Abantu abaganda]] bpfa06l985i2vo9kmzasajx8s16kt7d 65636 65635 2026-07-30T15:17:23Z Berniter 10779 65636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Download: Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo Songs Mp3 Download {{!}} New & Old Songs On DJErycom.com |url=http://www.djerycom.ug//artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331214746/https://www.djerycom.ug/artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=DjErycom.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|title=Betty Nakibuuka • Gospel Music, Lyrics, Biography, News, Videos, Events {{!}} thegmp.biz|url=https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|access-date=2023-12-25|website=THEGMP|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001004605/https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|url-status=live}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=He is the wind that makes our music fly, says Betty |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref>Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1975]] [[Category:Abantu abaganda]] [[Category:Abayimbi b'ennyimba ze diini]] 7w4jhyqk9yg64gq4h95dobn22ffmajh 65637 65636 2026-07-30T15:18:10Z Berniter 10779 65637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Download: Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo Songs Mp3 Download {{!}} New & Old Songs On DJErycom.com |url=http://www.djerycom.ug//artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331214746/https://www.djerycom.ug/artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=DjErycom.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|title=Betty Nakibuuka • Gospel Music, Lyrics, Biography, News, Videos, Events {{!}} thegmp.biz|url=https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|access-date=2023-12-25|website=THEGMP|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001004605/https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|url-status=live}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=He is the wind that makes our music fly, says Betty |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref>Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1975]] [[Category:Abantu abaganda]] [[Category:Abayimbi b'ennyimba ze diini]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abayimbi b'ennyimba zze diini]] c47gpg7bfceoha7xunleaunby1rjw4l 65638 65637 2026-07-30T15:19:03Z Berniter 10779 65638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Download: Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo Songs Mp3 Download {{!}} New & Old Songs On DJErycom.com |url=http://www.djerycom.ug//artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331214746/https://www.djerycom.ug/artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=DjErycom.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|title=Betty Nakibuuka • Gospel Music, Lyrics, Biography, News, Videos, Events {{!}} thegmp.biz|url=https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|access-date=2023-12-25|website=THEGMP|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001004605/https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|url-status=live}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=He is the wind that makes our music fly, says Betty |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref>Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1975]] [[Category:Abantu abaganda]] [[Category:Abayimbi b'ennyimba ze diini]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abayimbi b'ennyimba zze diini]] [[Category:Abakyala abaganda]] luzlmuchkvrhqnx5m3d3mcyb8tup7ft 65639 65638 2026-07-30T15:21:39Z Berniter 10779 65639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Nakibuuka''' era amanyiddwa nga Betty Nakibuuka Senyonjo (yazaalibwa1975)Munnayuganda omuyimbi w'enyimba ez'ediini era  muwandiisi w'ennyimba . Ye maama w’omuyimbi w’enyimba ez'ediini Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . Ezimu ku nnyimba ze ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu 'Baddu ba Yesu', 'Tukutendereza', 'Luyimba lwange', ne 'Munene Munene'. Mu myaka egisukka mu amakumi abiri ng'akola omulimu gw'okuyimba, afunye ekitiibwa ng'omu ku bayimbi mu kisaawe ky'ennyimba ze ddiini  mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nantaba |first=Agnes |date=2017-04-19 |title=INTERVIEW: Betty Nakibuuka on being a gospel music queen |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227143812/https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-betty-nakibuuka-gospel-music-queen/ |archive-date=2017-12-27 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sseruyigo |first=Aaron |date=2018-11-17 |title=18 years married: Nakibuuka says God is a rock-solid foundation |url=https://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219121303/http://www.ugchristiannews.com/18-years-married-nakibuuka-says-god-is-a-rock-solid-foundation/ |archive-date=2020-02-19 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Breaking news on Christianity in Uganda and World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Supporting your gifted child |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/supporting-your-gifted-child-1584896 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2015-11-05 |title=Gospel Singer Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo To Celebrate 20 Years In Music |url=https://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425093441/http://bigeye.ug/gospel-singer-betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo-to-celebrate-20-years-in-music/ |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obutobwe ne gyenvudde w'emirimu gye == Betty Nakibuuka ye yali ow'ekkumi n'omu ku baana ekkumi n'ababiri. Bwe yali nga wa myaka 14, yatandika okukola oluvannyuma lw'essomero ne maama we, Rose Nakato, okutunda engoye enkade (mivumba)okusobola okufuna ssente ez'okusasulira ebisale by'essomero n'ebyetaago ebirala. Maama we bwe yatandika okulumizibwa mu nnyingo n'okuzimba, Nakibuuka yasigala ng’akola yekka. Mu 1991, bwe yali akola omulimu gwe ogwa bulijjo, Nakibuuka yasanga ababuulizi abaamumatiza "okukwasa Yesu Kristo omulokozi emigugu gye gyonna" Nakibuuka yali ayagala nnyo abaana okuviira ddala mu buto, era n'atandika okwenyigira era yeenyigira mu mulimu gw’okuyigiriza abaana mu [[sunday school]]. Yatandika okuyiiya n’okukwata ennyimba n’abato. Yafuna okusiimibwa olw'ekitone kye eky'okuyimba, ekyamuggulirawo ekkubo okukwata ennyimba ez'okufulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka. Yayingira mu kukola endagaano z'okuyimba mu bitongole eby'ettutumu nga House of Manji, Silky Pads, ne Britania. == Olukalala lw'ennyimba ze == Ezimu ku nnyimba ze:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Nakibuuka on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225162620/https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/betty-nakibuuka/1128224482 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Download: Betty Nakibuuka Ssenyonjo Songs Mp3 Download {{!}} New & Old Songs On DJErycom.com |url=http://www.djerycom.ug//artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331214746/https://www.djerycom.ug/artist?id=965&a=betty-nakibuuka-ssenyonjo |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=DjErycom.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|title=Betty Nakibuuka • Gospel Music, Lyrics, Biography, News, Videos, Events {{!}} thegmp.biz|url=https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|access-date=2023-12-25|website=THEGMP|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001004605/https://www.thegmp.biz/betty-nakibuuka|url-status=live}}</ref> ** Eby'Omuggulu ** Ntendereza ** Kangume ** Yesu Mulungi ** Kowoola ** Wali Wali ** Maama ** Nkomyewo ** Netaaga Gwe ** Abelawo ** Njagala Nkwagale ** Mu Musayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Yetiika ** Buddu Ba Yesu ** Webale Nyo Yesu ** Mutima Gwange Guma ** Mu Nusayi ** Amagenda Gange ** Tekutendereza ** Luyimba Lwange ** Munene Munene == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Nakibuuka yafumbirwa John Senyonjo nga satu (3)Ogwekkuminogumu1999 ku Full Gospel Church e Makerere.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=He is the wind that makes our music fly, says Betty |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref>Abafumbo bano balina abaana basatu okuli n’omuyimbi Gloria Mulungi amanyiddwa nga [[Baby Gloria]] . == Okusunsulwa ne Awaadi == * Mu 2004, Betty yalondebwa ng’omuyimbi omukyala asinga mu mpaka za TOP Radio National Music Awards ezaali mu [[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|kisaawe e Namboole]] nga October 8th 2004. * Mu 2010, yawangula engule ya Tumaini Musical Award, ng’alaga ebituukiddwaako mu kuyimba mu kusooka. * Mu 2011, yasiimibwa n’ekirabo kya The Olive Musical Award, ekyayongera okunyweza ekifo kye mu kisaawe ky’okuyimba. == Laba ne == * [[Baby Gloria]] * [[Wilson Bugembe]] * Gabie Ntaate == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1975]] [[Category:Abantu abaganda]] [[Category:Abayimbi b'ennyimba ze diini]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abayimbi b'ennyimba zze diini]] [[Category:Abakyala abaganda]] [[Category:Bannayugana abakyala abayimbi abekyasa k'ya makumi abiri mu kimu]] 8tjberoel18seiahniq0tbmhjjqldbx 0 10800 65575 65573 2026-07-30T12:15:51Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 65575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] . <ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' . <ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013. <ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ). <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025. <ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna. <ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] . <ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu". <ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza". <ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation". <ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[2008 Mumbai attacks|obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu". <ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu". <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[Arab–Israeli conflict|lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita.". <ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <references /> omxvz9isyepl4r69ow110ip6jtyx806 65576 65575 2026-07-30T12:23:46Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 65576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] . <ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' . <ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013. <ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ). <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025. <ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna. <ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] . <ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu". <ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza". <ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation". <ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[2008 Mumbai attacks|obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu". <ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu". <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[Arab–Israeli conflict|lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita.". <ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu. <ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref> <ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> <references /> h2cokpmxcer2bx0nfa47jx4vtv9rtzw 65577 65576 2026-07-30T12:24:30Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 65577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] . <ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' . <ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013. <ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ). <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025. <ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna. <ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] . <ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu". <ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza". <ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation". <ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[2008 Mumbai attacks|obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu". <ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu". <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[Arab–Israeli conflict|lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita.". <ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu. <ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref> <ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda." <ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> <references /> 3w5h2l1m0vndui26mn8i75xhn8cuhca 65579 65577 2026-07-30T12:32:31Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph and dewikilinked 65579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] . <ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' . <ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013. <ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ). <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025. <ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna. <ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] . <ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu". <ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza". <ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation". <ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[2008 Mumbai attacks|obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu". <ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu". <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita.". <ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu. <ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref> <ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda." <ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> <references /> l70ti4k39sdl9yyatsxm08mk6v76ndi 65580 65579 2026-07-30T12:34:18Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph and dewikilinked 65580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] . <ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' . <ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013. <ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ). <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025. <ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna. <ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] . <ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu". <ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza". <ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation". <ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[2008 Mumbai attacks|obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu". <ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu". <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita.". <ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu. <ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref> <ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda." <ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestinea, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'okuwambibwa". <references /> at80ajwomrlgfv0suwscujtop3dgird 65581 65580 2026-07-30T12:50:29Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 65581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] . <ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' . <ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013. <ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ). <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025. <ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna. <ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] . <ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu". <ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza". <ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation". <ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu". <ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu". <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita.". <ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu. <ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref> <ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda." <ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestinea, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebiriwoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo akakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo obwali obw'amaanyi obw'okubeera n'obutaliimu n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze". <ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo. <ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> <references /> 9h6a83j6ut98xltfgf2iy6fvef7bx5q 65583 65581 2026-07-30T12:52:59Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 65583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] . <ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' . <ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013. <ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ). <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025. <ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna. <ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] . <ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu". <ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza". <ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation". <ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu". <ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu". <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita.". <ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu. <ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref> <ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda." <ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestinea, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze". <ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo. <ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> <references /> ryyrtx7dk8zrgg8dlsz2u6tfm1guy3n 65584 65583 2026-07-30T13:00:37Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings and de-wikilinked 65584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] . <ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' . <ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013. <ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ). <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025. <ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna. <ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] . <ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu". <ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza". <ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation". <ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu". <ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu". <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita.". <ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu. <ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref> <ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda." <ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestinea, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze". <ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo. <ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine". <ref name="Walker" /> <references /> fkwepplde982nufbclc7674dhcp1z7t 65585 65584 2026-07-30T13:05:22Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 65585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] . <ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' . <ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013. <ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ). <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025. <ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna. <ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] . <ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu". <ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza". <ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation". <ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu". <ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu". <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita.". <ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu. <ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref> <ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda." <ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestinea, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze". <ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo. <ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine". <ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[List of Hamas suicide attacks|abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] , <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye bawuliramu". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <references /> og463rkk1us1od1kptanru0z3okev5b 65586 65585 2026-07-30T13:06:23Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings and de-wikilinked 65586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] . <ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' . <ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013. <ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ). <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025. <ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna. <ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] . <ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu". <ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza". <ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation". <ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu". <ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu". <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita.". <ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu. <ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref> <ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda." <ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze". <ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo. <ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine". <ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[List of Hamas suicide attacks|abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] , <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <references /> 8ah3xos9nt82xg14811wsi571ooaevy 65591 65586 2026-07-30T13:56:47Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a new heading and new paragraph 65591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[List of Hamas suicide attacks|abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[Disasters Emergency Committee|kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[British Jews|Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna z017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala<br /></big>''' <references /> d9pbw80yd4bsegw1hjzv15nfqpyqpby 65592 65591 2026-07-30T13:58:20Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 65592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala<br /></big>''' <references /> qk4aeacpjv95jawavdntbtkipualvji 65594 65592 2026-07-30T14:01:18Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 65594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala<br /></big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega bawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali [[Apartheid|ey’obusosoze mu mawanga]] mu South Afrika. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Robert Mugabe#Prime Minister and President|Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu [[2008 Zimbabwean presidential election|ng'okulonda kwa 2008]] kuwedde . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> <references /> e0y585aoz8lwayyd1x14oqeacf5kac5 65595 65594 2026-07-30T14:03:59Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings and de-wikilinked 65595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala<br /></big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali [[Apartheid|ey’obusosoze mu mawanga]] mu South Afrika. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Robert Mugabe#Prime Minister and President|Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu [[2008 Zimbabwean presidential election|ng'okulonda kwa 2008]] kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> <references /> fq8gbt2fdzigttj178ztimyrt73wzwa 65596 65595 2026-07-30T14:06:48Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a new heading and new paragraphs 65596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abakwatibwa kuliko Uzbekistan, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China, <ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan. <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> [[BBC Persian]], omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire [[Persian language|mu lulimi Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008, <ref>[http://www.abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye as of October 2014 , yazzeemu okuzibikira.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> <references /> tj5pupy89hhyrgguea6dx10dnoiwd8v 65597 65596 2026-07-30T14:07:40Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 65597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abakwatibwa kuliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> [[BBC Persian]], omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008, <ref>[http://www.abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye as of October 2014 , yazzeemu okuzibikira.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> <references /> 6kt1lzpk7b0ca7kjkm9sadc8szrokar 65599 65597 2026-07-30T14:09:44Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings and new paragraph 65599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abaabateekako envumbo kwaliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> BBC Persian, omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>[http://www.abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye we bwatuukira mu Gwekkumi 2014 , yaddamu okugaanibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> <references /> d6pjmip45w98liykk90ta04tchmu06l 65652 65599 2026-07-30T20:08:29Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 65652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abaabateekako envumbo kwaliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> BBC Persian, omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>[http://www.abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye we bwatuukira mu Gwekkumi 2014 , yaddamu okugaanibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, gavumenti ya Rwanda yassaawo envumbo etaliiko kiseera ku mpewo za BBC oluvannyuma lw’okulaga ekiwandiiko ekyalimu okusika omuguwa ku [[Rwandan genocide|kittabantu ekyaliwo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, mu lugero lwa ''Rwanda’s Untold Story'', olwalagibwa ku BBC2 nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2014. Ofiisi ya Bungereza ey'ensonga z'ebweru yategeera "obulumi obwateekebwa mu Rwanda olw'ebitundu ebimu eby'olugero luno".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baird |first=Dugald |date=1 June 2015 |title=Rwanda places indefinite ban on BBC broadcasts over genocide documentary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128025853/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> <references /> 4ya0tjcnun5f9d1uto61tfd5o4ztzxo 65653 65652 2026-07-30T20:12:02Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 65653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abaabateekako envumbo kwaliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> BBC Persian, omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>[http://www.abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye we bwatuukira mu Gwekkumi 2014 , yaddamu okugaanibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, gavumenti ya Rwanda yassaawo envumbo etaliiko kiseera ku mpewo za BBC oluvannyuma lw’okulaga ekiwandiiko ekyalimu okusika omuguwa ku [[Rwandan genocide|kittabantu ekyaliwo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, mu lugero lwa ''Rwanda’s Untold Story'', olwalagibwa ku BBC2 nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2014. Ofiisi ya Bungereza ey'ensonga z'ebweru yategeera "obulumi obwateekebwa mu Rwanda olw'ebitundu ebimu eby'olugero luno".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baird |first=Dugald |date=1 June 2015 |title=Rwanda places indefinite ban on BBC broadcasts over genocide documentary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128025853/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2017, bannamawulire okuva mu BBC (nga kw’otadde ne ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Politico]], [[CNN]], n’endala) baagaanibwa okuyingira mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa White House.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Sabrina |date=25 February 2017 |title=Trump press ban: BBC, CNN and Guardian denied access to briefing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190705/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> <references /> plhj72bybh3p7w5s26ep5pbo36y3j7p 65654 65653 2026-07-30T20:15:41Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 65654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abaabateekako envumbo kwaliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> BBC Persian, omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>[http://www.abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye we bwatuukira mu Gwekkumi 2014 , yaddamu okugaanibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, gavumenti ya Rwanda yassaawo envumbo etaliiko kiseera ku mpewo za BBC oluvannyuma lw’okulaga ekiwandiiko ekyalimu okusika omuguwa ku [[Rwandan genocide|kittabantu ekyaliwo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, mu lugero lwa ''Rwanda’s Untold Story'', olwalagibwa ku BBC2 nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2014. Ofiisi ya Bungereza ey'ensonga z'ebweru yategeera "obulumi obwateekebwa mu Rwanda olw'ebitundu ebimu eby'olugero luno".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baird |first=Dugald |date=1 June 2015 |title=Rwanda places indefinite ban on BBC broadcasts over genocide documentary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128025853/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2017, bannamawulire okuva mu BBC (nga kw’otadde ne ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Politico]], [[CNN]], n’endala) baagaanibwa okuyingira mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa White House.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Sabrina |date=25 February 2017 |title=Trump press ban: BBC, CNN and Guardian denied access to briefing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190705/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu 2017, [[BBC News|BBC India]] yawerebwa okumala emyaka etaano obutakola ku [[List of national parks of India|makuumiro g'ebisolo ag’eggwanga gonna]] mu Buyindi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2017 |title=Kaziranga film: BBC banned for 5 years from all national parks, sanctuaries |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418160439/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuggyibwako layisinsi ya [[CGTN (TV channel)|CGTN]] ey'okuweereza ku mpewo mu Bungereza nga 4 Gwokubiri 2021 nga [[Ofcom]], <ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2021 |title=Ofcom revokes Chinese broadcaster CGTN's UK licence |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320110450/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> China yawera BBC News okuweereza mu China. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2021 |title=China bans BBC News after UK pulls CGTN's license |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213225430/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |archive-date=13 February 2021 |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> <references /> oefrjy2xx3wsuze0z167qr9yga69pt8 65655 65654 2026-07-30T20:22:02Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added see also 65655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abaabateekako envumbo kwaliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> BBC Persian, omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>[http://www.abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye we bwatuukira mu Gwekkumi 2014 , yaddamu okugaanibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, gavumenti ya Rwanda yassaawo envumbo etaliiko kiseera ku mpewo za BBC oluvannyuma lw’okulaga ekiwandiiko ekyalimu okusika omuguwa ku [[Rwandan genocide|kittabantu ekyaliwo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, mu lugero lwa ''Rwanda’s Untold Story'', olwalagibwa ku BBC2 nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2014. Ofiisi ya Bungereza ey'ensonga z'ebweru yategeera "obulumi obwateekebwa mu Rwanda olw'ebitundu ebimu eby'olugero luno".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baird |first=Dugald |date=1 June 2015 |title=Rwanda places indefinite ban on BBC broadcasts over genocide documentary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128025853/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2017, bannamawulire okuva mu BBC (nga kw’otadde ne ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Politico]], [[CNN]], n’endala) baagaanibwa okuyingira mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa White House.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Sabrina |date=25 February 2017 |title=Trump press ban: BBC, CNN and Guardian denied access to briefing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190705/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu 2017, [[BBC News|BBC India]] yawerebwa okumala emyaka etaano obutakola ku [[makuumiro g'ebisolo ag’eggwanga gonna]] mu Buyindi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2017 |title=Kaziranga film: BBC banned for 5 years from all national parks, sanctuaries |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418160439/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuggyibwako layisinsi ya [[CGTN (TV channel)|CGTN]] ey'okuweereza ku mpewo mu Bungereza nga 4 Gwokubiri 2021 nga [[Ofcom]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2021 |title=Ofcom revokes Chinese broadcaster CGTN's UK licence |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320110450/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> China yawera BBC News okuweereza mu China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2021 |title=China bans BBC News after UK pulls CGTN's license |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213225430/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |archive-date=13 February 2021 |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> '''<big>Laba ne</big>''' * [[:Category:BBC newsreaders and journalists|Category:Abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] * [[:Category:BBC television news shows|Category:Emikutu gy'amawulire ku ttivvi ya BBC]] * [[List of current BBC newsreaders and reporters|Olukalala lw'abasomi b'amawulire n'abasasi ba BBC mu kiseera kino]] * [[List of former BBC newsreaders and journalists|Olukalala lw'abaali abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] <references /> 1b5rvb6qayzr8row6cdus66jfyrumwq 65656 65655 2026-07-30T20:23:27Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 de-wikilinked 65656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abaabateekako envumbo kwaliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> BBC Persian, omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>[http://www.abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye we bwatuukira mu Gwekkumi 2014 , yaddamu okugaanibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, gavumenti ya Rwanda yassaawo envumbo etaliiko kiseera ku mpewo za BBC oluvannyuma lw’okulaga ekiwandiiko ekyalimu okusika omuguwa ku [[Rwandan genocide|kittabantu ekyaliwo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, mu lugero lwa ''Rwanda’s Untold Story'', olwalagibwa ku BBC2 nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2014. Ofiisi ya Bungereza ey'ensonga z'ebweru yategeera "obulumi obwateekebwa mu Rwanda olw'ebitundu ebimu eby'olugero luno".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baird |first=Dugald |date=1 June 2015 |title=Rwanda places indefinite ban on BBC broadcasts over genocide documentary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128025853/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2017, bannamawulire okuva mu BBC (nga kw’otadde ne ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Politico]], [[CNN]], n’endala) baagaanibwa okuyingira mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa White House.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Sabrina |date=25 February 2017 |title=Trump press ban: BBC, CNN and Guardian denied access to briefing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190705/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu 2017, [[BBC News|BBC India]] yawerebwa okumala emyaka etaano obutakola ku [[makuumiro g'ebisolo ag’eggwanga gonna]] mu Buyindi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2017 |title=Kaziranga film: BBC banned for 5 years from all national parks, sanctuaries |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418160439/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuggyibwako layisinsi ya [[CGTN (TV channel)|CGTN]] ey'okuweereza ku mpewo mu Bungereza nga 4 Gwokubiri 2021 nga [[Ofcom]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2021 |title=Ofcom revokes Chinese broadcaster CGTN's UK licence |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320110450/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> China yawera BBC News okuweereza mu China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2021 |title=China bans BBC News after UK pulls CGTN's license |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213225430/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |archive-date=13 February 2021 |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> '''<big>Laba ne</big>''' * [[:Category:Abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] * [[:Category:Emikutu gy'amawulire ku ttivvi ya BBC]] * [[List of current BBC newsreaders and reporters|Olukalala lw'abasomi b'amawulire n'abasasi ba BBC mu kiseera kino]] * [[List of former BBC newsreaders and journalists|Olukalala lw'abaali abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] <references /> mf1j5vjvky447fhlj5qrjtw0r9r1mmq 65657 65656 2026-07-30T20:24:26Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 de-wikilinked 65657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abaabateekako envumbo kwaliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> BBC Persian, omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>[http://www.abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye we bwatuukira mu Gwekkumi 2014 , yaddamu okugaanibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, gavumenti ya Rwanda yassaawo envumbo etaliiko kiseera ku mpewo za BBC oluvannyuma lw’okulaga ekiwandiiko ekyalimu okusika omuguwa ku [[Rwandan genocide|kittabantu ekyaliwo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, mu lugero lwa ''Rwanda’s Untold Story'', olwalagibwa ku BBC2 nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2014. Ofiisi ya Bungereza ey'ensonga z'ebweru yategeera "obulumi obwateekebwa mu Rwanda olw'ebitundu ebimu eby'olugero luno".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baird |first=Dugald |date=1 June 2015 |title=Rwanda places indefinite ban on BBC broadcasts over genocide documentary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128025853/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2017, bannamawulire okuva mu BBC (nga kw’otadde ne ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Politico]], [[CNN]], n’endala) baagaanibwa okuyingira mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa White House.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Sabrina |date=25 February 2017 |title=Trump press ban: BBC, CNN and Guardian denied access to briefing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190705/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu 2017, [[BBC News|BBC India]] yawerebwa okumala emyaka etaano obutakola ku [[makuumiro g'ebisolo ag’eggwanga gonna]] mu Buyindi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2017 |title=Kaziranga film: BBC banned for 5 years from all national parks, sanctuaries |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418160439/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuggyibwako layisinsi ya [[CGTN (TV channel)|CGTN]] ey'okuweereza ku mpewo mu Bungereza nga 4 Gwokubiri 2021 nga [[Ofcom]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2021 |title=Ofcom revokes Chinese broadcaster CGTN's UK licence |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320110450/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> China yawera BBC News okuweereza mu China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2021 |title=China bans BBC News after UK pulls CGTN's license |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213225430/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |archive-date=13 February 2021 |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> '''<big>Laba ne</big>''' * [[:Category:Abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] * [[:Category:Emikutu gy'amawulire ku ttivvi ya BBC]] * [[Olukalala lw'abasomi b'amawulire n'abasasi ba BBC mu kiseera kino]] * [[List of former BBC newsreaders and journalists|Olukalala lw'abaali abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] <references /> lj6app93mbysvtw9lo2szmrd3cykr8x 65658 65657 2026-07-30T20:27:08Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 de-wikilinked 65658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abaabateekako envumbo kwaliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> BBC Persian, omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>[http://www.abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye we bwatuukira mu Gwekkumi 2014 , yaddamu okugaanibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, gavumenti ya Rwanda yassaawo envumbo etaliiko kiseera ku mpewo za BBC oluvannyuma lw’okulaga ekiwandiiko ekyalimu okusika omuguwa ku [[Rwandan genocide|kittabantu ekyaliwo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, mu lugero lwa ''Rwanda’s Untold Story'', olwalagibwa ku BBC2 nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2014. Ofiisi ya Bungereza ey'ensonga z'ebweru yategeera "obulumi obwateekebwa mu Rwanda olw'ebitundu ebimu eby'olugero luno".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baird |first=Dugald |date=1 June 2015 |title=Rwanda places indefinite ban on BBC broadcasts over genocide documentary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128025853/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2017, bannamawulire okuva mu BBC (nga kw’otadde ne ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Politico]], [[CNN]], n’endala) baagaanibwa okuyingira mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa White House.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Sabrina |date=25 February 2017 |title=Trump press ban: BBC, CNN and Guardian denied access to briefing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190705/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu 2017, [[BBC News|BBC India]] yawerebwa okumala emyaka etaano obutakola ku [[makuumiro g'ebisolo ag’eggwanga gonna]] mu Buyindi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2017 |title=Kaziranga film: BBC banned for 5 years from all national parks, sanctuaries |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418160439/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuggyibwako layisinsi ya [[CGTN (TV channel)|CGTN]] ey'okuweereza ku mpewo mu Bungereza nga 4 Gwokubiri 2021 nga [[Ofcom]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2021 |title=Ofcom revokes Chinese broadcaster CGTN's UK licence |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320110450/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> China yawera BBC News okuweereza mu China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2021 |title=China bans BBC News after UK pulls CGTN's license |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213225430/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |archive-date=13 February 2021 |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> '''<big>Laba ne</big>''' * [[:Category:Abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] * [[:Category:Emikutu gy'amawulire ku ttivvi ya BBC]] * [[Olukalala lw'abasomi b'amawulire n'abasasi ba BBC mu kiseera kino]] * [[Olukalala lw'abaali abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] <references /> sweqls5cc8pbvg9a0ruq40tvi9945j4 65659 65658 2026-07-30T20:28:53Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 65659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=331–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=80–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> '''Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota<br />''' Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya amawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]] .<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. '''<big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big>''' '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abaabateekako envumbo kwaliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> BBC Persian, omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>[http://www.abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye we bwatuukira mu Gwekkumi 2014 , yaddamu okugaanibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, gavumenti ya Rwanda yassaawo envumbo etaliiko kiseera ku mpewo za BBC oluvannyuma lw’okulaga ekiwandiiko ekyalimu okusika omuguwa ku [[Rwandan genocide|kittabantu ekyaliwo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, mu lugero lwa ''Rwanda’s Untold Story'', olwalagibwa ku BBC2 nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2014. Ofiisi ya Bungereza ey'ensonga z'ebweru yategeera "obulumi obwateekebwa mu Rwanda olw'ebitundu ebimu eby'olugero luno".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baird |first=Dugald |date=1 June 2015 |title=Rwanda places indefinite ban on BBC broadcasts over genocide documentary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128025853/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2017, bannamawulire okuva mu BBC (nga kw’otadde ne ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Politico]], [[CNN]], n’endala) baagaanibwa okuyingira mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa White House.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Sabrina |date=25 February 2017 |title=Trump press ban: BBC, CNN and Guardian denied access to briefing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190705/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu 2017, [[BBC News|BBC India]] yawerebwa okumala emyaka etaano obutakola ku [[makuumiro g'ebisolo ag’eggwanga gonna]] mu Buyindi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2017 |title=Kaziranga film: BBC banned for 5 years from all national parks, sanctuaries |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418160439/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuggyibwako layisinsi ya [[CGTN (TV channel)|CGTN]] ey'okuweereza ku mpewo mu Bungereza nga 4 Gwokubiri 2021 nga [[Ofcom]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2021 |title=Ofcom revokes Chinese broadcaster CGTN's UK licence |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320110450/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> China yawera BBC News okuweereza mu China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2021 |title=China bans BBC News after UK pulls CGTN's license |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213225430/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |archive-date=13 February 2021 |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> '''<big>Laba ne</big>''' * [[:Category:Abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] * [[:Category:Emikutu gy'amawulire ku ttivvi ya BBC]] * [[Olukalala lw'abasomi b'amawulire n'abasasi ba BBC mu kiseera kino]] * [[Olukalala lw'abaali abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] '''<big>Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa<br /></big>''' <references /> tfwywaltbgdke6fnolk39aoqvqkyrsp 0 11360 65690 56577 2026-07-31T04:13:04Z Salil Kumar Mukherjee 11441 correction 65690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gerald Paul Kasato''' [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] [[:en:Accountant|omubalirizi w'ebitabo]], [[Lawyer|munnamateeka]], [[:en:Chartered_Financial_Analyst|omukugu mu by'ensimbi,]] era [[:en:Business_executive|akulira bizinensi]] . Ye mumyuka akulira emirimu egikolebwa era omumyuka w’akulira [[Ekitongole kya National Social Security Fund (Uganda)|NSSF Uganda]], okuva nga 21 Ogwomukaaga 2024. Yakolera mu kifo kye kimu mu buvunaanyizibwa bw’okukola okuva mu August 2023 okutuuka mu June 2024. Nga tannakola ekyo, yali [[:en:Chief_investment_officer|akulira bamusigansimbi]] (CIO) mu kitongole kye kimu wakati wa 2014 ne August 2023. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Muhamadi Byemboijana |date=21 June 2024 |title=Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo n’obuyigirize bwe == Munnayuganda. [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Diguli esooka mu Sayansi]] mu [[:en:Accounting|kubala ebitabo]] yafun awaadi mu [[:en:Oxford_Brookes_University|yunivasite ya Oxford Brookes]] e Bungereza. Era alina [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] okuva mu [[:en:Nottingham_Trent_University|Yunivaasite ya Nottingham Trent]] . [[:en:Master_of_Science|Diguli ey'okubiri mu Sayansi]] mu [[International Finance and Investments|by'ensimbi n'okusiga ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], yamuweebwa [[:en:London_South_Bank_University|yunivasite ya London South Bank]] . [[:en:Master_of_Business_Administration|Diguli ey'okubiri mu by'obusuubuzi]] yagifuna okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Exeter|yunivaasite y'e Exeter]] . Era yasoma emisomo egy’omulembe egy’obukulembeze n’okuddukanya emirimu okuva mu [[:en:Harvard_Business_School|Harvard Business School]] ne mu [[:en:Wharton_School|Wharton School]], zombi mu Amerika, <ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> ne okuva mu [[:en:London_Business_School|London Business School]] mu Bungereza. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Michael Kironde |date=23 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is The New NSSF Deputy MD |url=https://www.ugbulletin.co.ug/gerald-kasaato-is-the-new-nssf-md/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Uganda Bulletin}}</ref> Kasaato [[:en:Chartered_Financial_Analyst|mukenkufu mu by’ensimbi]] (CFA), ali mu ttendekero lya [[:en:Chartered_Management_Institute|Chartered Management Institute]] mu Bungereza, [[:en:Chartered_Certified_Accountant|Chartered Certified Accountant]] mu Bungereza ate nga [[:en:Certified_Public_Accountant|mubabilirizi omukakafu]] (CPA) mu Uganda.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Muhamadi Byemboijana |date=21 June 2024 |title=Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ |access-date=23 June 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMuhamadi_Byemboijana2024">Muhamadi Byemboijana (21 June 2024). [https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ "Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Ebyafaayo by’emirimu == Yakolera mu bitongole eby’enjawulo mu Bungereza nga tannasenguka mu Uganda mu makkati g’emyaka gya 2000. Yakola ne [[:en:National_Housing_and_Construction_Company|National Housing and Construction Company]], nga Finance and Investment Manager ne [[:en:National_Insurance_Company_Limited|National Insurance Company Limited]], nga Manager Investment and Treasury. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Muhamadi Byemboijana |date=21 June 2024 |title=Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ |access-date=23 June 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMuhamadi_Byemboijana2024">Muhamadi Byemboijana (21 June 2024). [https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ "Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=CFANY |date=2021 |title=CFA New York: Speaker-Organizer, Gerald Paul Kasaato |url=https://cfany.org/speaker-organizer/gerald-paul-kasaato/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=CFA Society New York (CFANY)}}</ref> Yeegatta ku NSSF Uganda mu 2011 nga Portfolio Manager, Equities. Mu 2014 yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa akulira bamusigansimbi. Mu August 2023, yalondebwa ku bwa Acting Deputy Managing Director okudda mu bigere bya [[:en:Patrick_Ayota|Patrick Ayota]] eyasitulwa n’afuulibwa [[:en:Managing_director|akulira]] / [[:en:Ceo|Senkulu]] mu kkampuni eno. Oluvannyuma lw’emyezi kkumi ng’akola ng’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Uganda NSSF lwasemba Kasaato alondebwe ng’omumyuka w’akulira emirimu (substantive CEO).<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Muhamadi Byemboijana |date=21 June 2024 |title=Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ |access-date=23 June 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMuhamadi_Byemboijana2024">Muhamadi Byemboijana (21 June 2024). [https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ "Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == quvl99ypd2z29rgimhc6pfc2bjas6pv 65691 65690 2026-07-31T04:15:51Z Salil Kumar Mukherjee 11441 correction 65691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gerald Paul Kasato''' [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] [[:en:Accountant|omubalirizi w'ebitabo]], [[Lawyer|munnamateeka]], [[:en:Chartered_Financial_Analyst|omukugu mu by'ensimbi,]] era [[:en:Business_executive|akulira bizinensi]] . Ye mumyuka akulira emirimu egikolebwa era omumyuka w’akulira [[Ekitongole kya National Social Security Fund (Uganda)|NSSF Uganda]], okuva nga 21 Ogwomukaaga 2024. Yakolera mu kifo kye kimu mu buvunaanyizibwa bw’okukola okuva mu August 2023 okutuuka mu June 2024. Nga tannakola ekyo, yali [[:en:Chief_investment_officer|akulira bamusigansimbi]] (CIO) mu kitongole kye kimu wakati wa 2014 ne August 2023. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Muhamadi Byemboijana |date=21 June 2024 |title=Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo n’obuyigirize bwe == Munnayuganda. [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Diguli esooka mu Sayansi]] mu [[:en:Accounting|kubala ebitabo]] yafun awaadi mu [[:en:Oxford_Brookes_University|yunivasite ya Oxford Brookes]] e Bungereza. Era alina [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] okuva mu [[:en:Nottingham_Trent_University|Yunivaasite ya Nottingham Trent]] . [[:en:Master_of_Science|Diguli ey'okubiri mu Sayansi]] mu [[International Finance and Investments|by'ensimbi n'okusiga ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], yamuweebwa [[:en:London_South_Bank_University|yunivasite ya London South Bank]] . [[:en:Master_of_Business_Administration|Diguli ey'okubiri mu by'obusuubuzi]] yagifuna okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Exeter|yunivaasite y'e Exeter]] . Era yasoma emisomo egy’omulembe egy’obukulembeze n’okuddukanya emirimu okuva mu [[:en:Harvard_Business_School|Harvard Business School]] ne mu [[:en:Wharton_School|Wharton School]], zombi mu Amerika, <ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> ne okuva mu [[:en:London_Business_School|London Business School]] mu Bungereza. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Michael Kironde |date=23 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is The New NSSF Deputy MD |url=https://www.ugbulletin.co.ug/gerald-kasaato-is-the-new-nssf-md/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Uganda Bulletin}}</ref> Kasaato [[:en:Chartered_Financial_Analyst|mukenkufu mu by’ensimbi]] (CFA), ali mu ttendekero lya [[:en:Chartered_Management_Institute|Chartered Management Institute]] mu Bungereza, [[:en:Chartered_Certified_Accountant|Chartered Certified Accountant]] mu Bungereza ate nga [[:en:Certified_Public_Accountant|mubabilirizi omukakafu]] (CPA) mu Uganda.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Ebyafaayo by’emirimu == Yakolera mu bitongole eby’enjawulo mu Bungereza nga tannasenguka mu Uganda mu makkati g’emyaka gya 2000. Yakola ne [[:en:National_Housing_and_Construction_Company|National Housing and Construction Company]], nga Finance and Investment Manager ne [[:en:National_Insurance_Company_Limited|National Insurance Company Limited]], nga Manager Investment and Treasury. <ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=CFANY |date=2021 |title=CFA New York: Speaker-Organizer, Gerald Paul Kasaato |url=https://cfany.org/speaker-organizer/gerald-paul-kasaato/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=CFA Society New York (CFANY)}}</ref> Yeegatta ku NSSF Uganda mu 2011 nga Portfolio Manager, Equities. Mu 2014 yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa akulira bamusigansimbi. Mu August 2023, yalondebwa ku bwa Acting Deputy Managing Director okudda mu bigere bya [[:en:Patrick_Ayota|Patrick Ayota]] eyasitulwa n’afuulibwa [[:en:Managing_director|akulira]] / [[:en:Ceo|Senkulu]] mu kkampuni eno. Oluvannyuma lw’emyezi kkumi ng’akola ng’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Uganda NSSF lwasemba Kasaato alondebwe ng’omumyuka w’akulira emirimu (substantive CEO).<ref name="1R"/>{{Cite web |last=Muhamadi Byemboijana |date=21 June 2024 |title=Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ |access-date=23 June 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMuhamadi_Byemboijana2024">Muhamadi Byemboijana (21 June 2024). [https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ "Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == e3upsnklurratmce7npb0vi9jub0qh1 65692 65691 2026-07-31T04:17:28Z Salil Kumar Mukherjee 11441 correction 65692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gerald Paul Kasato''' [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] [[:en:Accountant|omubalirizi w'ebitabo]], [[Lawyer|munnamateeka]], [[:en:Chartered_Financial_Analyst|omukugu mu by'ensimbi,]] era [[:en:Business_executive|akulira bizinensi]] . Ye mumyuka akulira emirimu egikolebwa era omumyuka w’akulira [[Ekitongole kya National Social Security Fund (Uganda)|NSSF Uganda]], okuva nga 21 Ogwomukaaga 2024. Yakolera mu kifo kye kimu mu buvunaanyizibwa bw’okukola okuva mu August 2023 okutuuka mu June 2024. Nga tannakola ekyo, yali [[:en:Chief_investment_officer|akulira bamusigansimbi]] (CIO) mu kitongole kye kimu wakati wa 2014 ne August 2023. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Muhamadi Byemboijana |date=21 June 2024 |title=Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo n’obuyigirize bwe == Munnayuganda. [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Diguli esooka mu Sayansi]] mu [[:en:Accounting|kubala ebitabo]] yafun awaadi mu [[:en:Oxford_Brookes_University|yunivasite ya Oxford Brookes]] e Bungereza. Era alina [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] okuva mu [[:en:Nottingham_Trent_University|Yunivaasite ya Nottingham Trent]] . [[:en:Master_of_Science|Diguli ey'okubiri mu Sayansi]] mu [[International Finance and Investments|by'ensimbi n'okusiga ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], yamuweebwa [[:en:London_South_Bank_University|yunivasite ya London South Bank]] . [[:en:Master_of_Business_Administration|Diguli ey'okubiri mu by'obusuubuzi]] yagifuna okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Exeter|yunivaasite y'e Exeter]] . Era yasoma emisomo egy’omulembe egy’obukulembeze n’okuddukanya emirimu okuva mu [[:en:Harvard_Business_School|Harvard Business School]] ne mu [[:en:Wharton_School|Wharton School]], zombi mu Amerika, <ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> ne okuva mu [[:en:London_Business_School|London Business School]] mu Bungereza. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Michael Kironde |date=23 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is The New NSSF Deputy MD |url=https://www.ugbulletin.co.ug/gerald-kasaato-is-the-new-nssf-md/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Uganda Bulletin}}</ref> Kasaato [[:en:Chartered_Financial_Analyst|mukenkufu mu by’ensimbi]] (CFA), ali mu ttendekero lya [[:en:Chartered_Management_Institute|Chartered Management Institute]] mu Bungereza, [[:en:Chartered_Certified_Accountant|Chartered Certified Accountant]] mu Bungereza ate nga [[:en:Certified_Public_Accountant|mubabilirizi omukakafu]] (CPA) mu Uganda.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Ebyafaayo by’emirimu == Yakolera mu bitongole eby’enjawulo mu Bungereza nga tannasenguka mu Uganda mu makkati g’emyaka gya 2000. Yakola ne [[:en:National_Housing_and_Construction_Company|National Housing and Construction Company]], nga Finance and Investment Manager ne [[:en:National_Insurance_Company_Limited|National Insurance Company Limited]], nga Manager Investment and Treasury. <ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=CFANY |date=2021 |title=CFA New York: Speaker-Organizer, Gerald Paul Kasaato |url=https://cfany.org/speaker-organizer/gerald-paul-kasaato/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=CFA Society New York (CFANY)}}</ref> Yeegatta ku NSSF Uganda mu 2011 nga Portfolio Manager, Equities. Mu 2014 yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa akulira bamusigansimbi. Mu August 2023, yalondebwa ku bwa Acting Deputy Managing Director okudda mu bigere bya [[:en:Patrick_Ayota|Patrick Ayota]] eyasitulwa n’afuulibwa [[:en:Managing_director|akulira]] / [[:en:Ceo|Senkulu]] mu kkampuni eno. Oluvannyuma lw’emyezi kkumi ng’akola ng’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Uganda NSSF lwasemba Kasaato alondebwe ng’omumyuka w’akulira emirimu (substantive CEO).<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == l1oze3wuwee4i6eo94ok7apzq6pp2j2 65693 65692 2026-07-31T04:19:33Z Salil Kumar Mukherjee 11441 correction 65693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gerald Paul Kasato''' [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] [[:en:Accountant|omubalirizi w'ebitabo]], [[Lawyer|munnamateeka]], [[:en:Chartered_Financial_Analyst|omukugu mu by'ensimbi,]] era [[:en:Business_executive|akulira bizinensi]] . Ye mumyuka akulira emirimu egikolebwa era omumyuka w’akulira [[Ekitongole kya National Social Security Fund (Uganda)|NSSF Uganda]], okuva nga 21 Ogwomukaaga 2024. Yakolera mu kifo kye kimu mu buvunaanyizibwa bw’okukola okuva mu August 2023 okutuuka mu June 2024. Nga tannakola ekyo, yali [[:en:Chief_investment_officer|akulira bamusigansimbi]] (CIO) mu kitongole kye kimu wakati wa 2014 ne August 2023. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Muhamadi Byemboijana |date=21 June 2024 |title=Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo n’obuyigirize bwe == Munnayuganda. [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Diguli esooka mu Sayansi]] mu [[:en:Accounting|kubala ebitabo]] yafun awaadi mu [[:en:Oxford_Brookes_University|yunivasite ya Oxford Brookes]] e Bungereza. Era alina [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] okuva mu [[:en:Nottingham_Trent_University|Yunivaasite ya Nottingham Trent]] . [[:en:Master_of_Science|Diguli ey'okubiri mu Sayansi]] mu [[International Finance and Investments|by'ensimbi n'okusiga ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], yamuweebwa [[:en:London_South_Bank_University|yunivasite ya London South Bank]] . [[:en:Master_of_Business_Administration|Diguli ey'okubiri mu by'obusuubuzi]] yagifuna okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Exeter|yunivaasite y'e Exeter]] . Era yasoma emisomo egy’omulembe egy’obukulembeze n’okuddukanya emirimu okuva mu [[:en:Harvard_Business_School|Harvard Business School]] ne mu [[:en:Wharton_School|Wharton School]], zombi mu Amerika, <ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> ne okuva mu [[:en:London_Business_School|London Business School]] mu Bungereza. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Michael Kironde |date=23 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is The New NSSF Deputy MD |url=https://www.ugbulletin.co.ug/gerald-kasaato-is-the-new-nssf-md/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Uganda Bulletin}}</ref> Kasaato [[:en:Chartered_Financial_Analyst|mukenkufu mu by’ensimbi]] (CFA), ali mu ttendekero lya [[:en:Chartered_Management_Institute|Chartered Management Institute]] mu Bungereza, [[:en:Chartered_Certified_Accountant|Chartered Certified Accountant]] mu Bungereza ate nga [[:en:Certified_Public_Accountant|mubabilirizi omukakafu]] (CPA) mu Uganda.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Ebyafaayo by’emirimu == Yakolera mu bitongole eby’enjawulo mu Bungereza nga tannasenguka mu Uganda mu makkati g’emyaka gya 2000. Yakola ne [[:en:National_Housing_and_Construction_Company|National Housing and Construction Company]], nga Finance and Investment Manager ne [[:en:National_Insurance_Company_Limited|National Insurance Company Limited]], nga Manager Investment and Treasury. <ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=CFANY |date=2021 |title=CFA New York: Speaker-Organizer, Gerald Paul Kasaato |url=https://cfany.org/speaker-organizer/gerald-paul-kasaato/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=CFA Society New York (CFANY)}}</ref> Yeegatta ku NSSF Uganda mu 2011 nga Portfolio Manager, Equities. Mu 2014 yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa akulira bamusigansimbi. Mu August 2023, yalondebwa ku bwa Acting Deputy Managing Director okudda mu bigere bya [[:en:Patrick_Ayota|Patrick Ayota]] eyasitulwa n’afuulibwa [[:en:Managing_director|akulira]] / [[:en:Ceo|Senkulu]] mu kkampuni eno. Oluvannyuma lw’emyezi kkumi ng’akola ng’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Uganda NSSF lwasemba Kasaato alondebwe ng’omumyuka w’akulira emirimu (substantive CEO).<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSamuel_Muhimba2024">Samuel Muhimba (22 June 2024). [https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director "Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director"]. ''Nilepost Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == e6mpwshzmea7lbq2w7oudluqqbcjiif 65694 65693 2026-07-31T04:25:48Z Salil Kumar Mukherjee 11441 correction 65694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gerald Paul Kasato''' [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] [[:en:Accountant|omubalirizi w'ebitabo]], [[Lawyer|munnamateeka]], [[:en:Chartered_Financial_Analyst|omukugu mu by'ensimbi,]] era [[:en:Business_executive|akulira bizinensi]] . Ye mumyuka akulira emirimu egikolebwa era omumyuka w’akulira [[Ekitongole kya National Social Security Fund (Uganda)|NSSF Uganda]], okuva nga 21 Ogwomukaaga 2024. Yakolera mu kifo kye kimu mu buvunaanyizibwa bw’okukola okuva mu August 2023 okutuuka mu June 2024. Nga tannakola ekyo, yali [[:en:Chief_investment_officer|akulira bamusigansimbi]] (CIO) mu kitongole kye kimu wakati wa 2014 ne August 2023. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Muhamadi Byemboijana |date=21 June 2024 |title=Gerald Paul Kasaato Appointed NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://softpower.ug/gerald-paul-kasaato-appointed-nssf-deputy-managing-director/ |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Samuel Muhimba |date=22 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is New NSSF Deputy Managing Director |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/business/204669/gerald-kasaato-is-new-nssf-deputy-managing-director |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Nilepost Uganda}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo n’obuyigirize bwe == Munnayuganda. [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Diguli esooka mu Sayansi]] mu [[:en:Accounting|kubala ebitabo]] yafun awaadi mu [[:en:Oxford_Brookes_University|yunivasite ya Oxford Brookes]] e Bungereza. Era alina [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|diguli esooka mu mateeka]] okuva mu [[:en:Nottingham_Trent_University|Yunivaasite ya Nottingham Trent]] . [[:en:Master_of_Science|Diguli ey'okubiri mu Sayansi]] mu [[International Finance and Investments|by'ensimbi n'okusiga ensimbi mu nsi yonna]], yamuweebwa [[:en:London_South_Bank_University|yunivasite ya London South Bank]] . [[:en:Master_of_Business_Administration|Diguli ey'okubiri mu by'obusuubuzi]] yagifuna okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Exeter|yunivaasite y'e Exeter]] . Era yasoma emisomo egy’omulembe egy’obukulembeze n’okuddukanya emirimu okuva mu [[:en:Harvard_Business_School|Harvard Business School]] ne mu [[:en:Wharton_School|Wharton School]], zombi mu Amerika, <ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> ne okuva mu [[:en:London_Business_School|London Business School]] mu Bungereza. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Michael Kironde |date=23 June 2024 |title=Gerald Kasaato Is The New NSSF Deputy MD |url=https://www.ugbulletin.co.ug/gerald-kasaato-is-the-new-nssf-md/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Uganda Bulletin}}</ref> Kasaato [[:en:Chartered_Financial_Analyst|mukenkufu mu by’ensimbi]] (CFA), ali mu ttendekero lya [[:en:Chartered_Management_Institute|Chartered Management Institute]] mu Bungereza, [[:en:Chartered_Certified_Accountant|Chartered Certified Accountant]] mu Bungereza ate nga [[:en:Certified_Public_Accountant|mubabilirizi omukakafu]] (CPA) mu Uganda.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> == Ebyafaayo by’emirimu == Yakolera mu bitongole eby’enjawulo mu Bungereza nga tannasenguka mu Uganda mu makkati g’emyaka gya 2000. Yakola ne [[:en:National_Housing_and_Construction_Company|National Housing and Construction Company]], nga Finance and Investment Manager ne [[:en:National_Insurance_Company_Limited|National Insurance Company Limited]], nga Manager Investment and Treasury. <ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/><ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=CFANY |date=2021 |title=CFA New York: Speaker-Organizer, Gerald Paul Kasaato |url=https://cfany.org/speaker-organizer/gerald-paul-kasaato/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=CFA Society New York (CFANY)}}</ref> Yeegatta ku NSSF Uganda mu 2011 nga Portfolio Manager, Equities. Mu 2014 yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa akulira bamusigansimbi. Mu August 2023, yalondebwa ku bwa Acting Deputy Managing Director okudda mu bigere bya [[:en:Patrick_Ayota|Patrick Ayota]] eyasitulwa n’afuulibwa [[:en:Managing_director|akulira]] / [[:en:Ceo|Senkulu]] mu kkampuni eno. Oluvannyuma lw’emyezi kkumi ng’akola ng’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Uganda NSSF lwasemba Kasaato alondebwe ng’omumyuka w’akulira emirimu (substantive CEO).<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == 6et6gmzbzspzpfh5fbxs6pucz9ecrsg 0 12869 65756 62481 2026-07-31T11:07:00Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ku mutindo 65756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arthur Kisenyi''' (yazaalibwa 1990) Munnayuganda munnakatemba, muyimbi era omukubi w'endongo. Yatandika okuzannya katemba okw’ekikugu mu 2007 ne ''Strange News'', pulojekiti eyakolebwa omuyimbi w’ennyimba OmuNorway [[:en:Rolf_Wallin|Rolf Wallin]] ne Dayirekita Omubirigi [[:en:Josse_dePauw|Josse dePauw]] ekwata ku [[:en:Child_soldier|baana abajaasi]] mu Afrika. Arthur azannya <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130317173537/http://www.strange-news.info/</ref> eyali omwana omujaasi mu firimu ya Rolf Wallin ne Josse De Pauw eya Strange News, omulimu omunene ddala ogw'emikutu emingi omuli ekibiina ky'abayimbi, obutambi n'amaloboozi ageetoolodde. == Obulamu n’okusoma == Yazaalibwa era n’akulira mu kibuga kya Uganda ekikulu, yawangula ekifo mu bavubuka 90 mu kugezesebwa kwa wano ku myaka 16. Nga wayise akaseera katono nga agenze e Oslo, Josse De Pauw gye yamutondera omulimu guno naddala ku lulwe. Abadde – okuva lwe yasooka okuyimba ne [[:en:Oslo_Philharmonic|Oslo Philharmonic]] Orchestra mu mwaka gwa 2007– aze ayimba ''Strange News'' mu bibuga ebiwerako, nga mu bino mulimu Porto ne Chicago, Toronto, Brussels, Amsterdam, Stavanger, Birmingham, London n’ebirala. Yasoma katemba ku [[:en:Makerere_University|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] ng’okunoonyereza kwe kwali ku ‘ngeri abantu gyebatwalamu era gyebalabamu abayimbi ku siteegi’ nga yeyambisa abazannyi ba Bakayimbira Drama beyanoonyerezaako. Mu mwaka gwe ogwakamalirizo, yalondebwa okuba dayirekita w’emizannyo asinga obulungi ne pulojekiti ye ey’okulagirira firimu ya [[:en:Nikolai_Gogol|Nikolai Gogol eya]] ‘[[:en:Marriage_(play)|Marriage]]’ mu 2012 yafuna endagaano ya Sharing Youth Centre Nsambya ku lw’abataata abazungu okulagirira omuzannyo ‘Loud Silence’ ogwakwata ku kukozesa abaana emirimu, okukukusa abaana n’okuteeka abaana mu buddu. Oluvannyuma omuzannyo gwe guno yagulaga ku Mbarara University of Science & Technology ne Maryhill High School Mbarara. == Emirimu == Yeyalaga abazanyi ekyokola era nazanya mu firimu ya Shakespeare eya King Lear, Gogol eya The Government Inspector n’emizannyo gy’Afirika Nga Amanita, Betrayal in the city, Voice of the people, echoes of silence n’emirala. [[Category:Bannayuganda bannamateeka]] bg1cititr0cu38jnv3mo8vn560mv8lm 65757 65756 2026-07-31T11:10:56Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ku mutindo 65757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arthur Kisenyi''' (yazaalibwa 1990) [[Munnayuganda]] munnakatemba, muyimbi era omukubi w'endongo. Yatandika okuzannya katemba okw’ekikugu mu 2007 ne ''Strange News'', pulojekiti eyakolebwa omuyimbi w’ennyimba OmuNorway Rolf Wallin ne Dayirekita Omubirigi Josse dePauw ekwata ku baana abajaasi mu [[Afirika|Afrika]]. Arthur azannya <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130317173537/http://www.strange-news.info/</ref> eyali omwana omujaasi mu firimu ya Rolf Wallin ne Josse De Pauw eya Strange News, omulimu omunene ddala ogw'emikutu emingi omuli ekibiina ky'abayimbi, obutambi n'amaloboozi ageetoolodde. == Obulamu n’okusoma == Yazaalibwa era n’akulira mu [[Kampala|kibuga kya Uganda ekikulu]], yawangula ekifo mu bavubuka 90 mu kugezesebwa kwa wano ku myaka 16. Nga wayise akaseera katono nga agenze e Oslo, Josse De Pauw gye yamutondera omulimu guno naddala ku lulwe. Abadde – okuva lwe yasooka okuyimba ne Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra mu mwaka gwa 2007– aze ayimba ''Strange News'' mu bibuga ebiwerako, nga mu bino mulimu Porto ne Chicago, Toronto, Brussels, Amsterdam, Stavanger, Birmingham, London n’ebirala. Yasoma katemba ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] ng’okunoonyereza kwe kwali ku ‘ngeri abantu gyebatwalamu era gyebalabamu abayimbi ku siteegi’ nga yeyambisa abazannyi ba Bakayimbira Drama beyanoonyerezaako. Mu mwaka gwe ogwakamalirizo, yalondebwa okuba dayirekita w’emizannyo asinga obulungi ne pulojekiti ye ey’okulagirira firimu ya Nikolai Gogol eya ‘Marriage’ mu 2012 yafuna endagaano ya Sharing Youth Centre Nsambya ku lw’abataata abazungu okulagirira omuzannyo ‘Loud Silence’ ogwakwata ku kukozesa abaana emirimu, okukukusa abaana n’okuteeka abaana mu buddu. Oluvannyuma omuzannyo gwe guno yagulaga ku Mbarara University of Science & Technology ne Maryhill High School Mbarara. == Emirimu == Yeyalaga abazanyi ekyokola era nazanya mu firimu ya Shakespeare eya King Lear, Gogol eya The Government Inspector n’emizannyo gy’Afirika Nga Amanita, Betrayal in the city, Voice of the people, echoes of silence n’emirala. [[Category:Bannayuganda bannamateeka]] 105hidtkl3zyn9pe3oig5rajcwqn39j 65758 65757 2026-07-31T11:13:17Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ebijuliziddwa 65758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arthur Kisenyi''' (yazaalibwa 1990) [[Munnayuganda]] munnakatemba, muyimbi era omukubi w'endongo. Yatandika okuzannya katemba okw’ekikugu mu 2007 ne ''Strange News'', pulojekiti eyakolebwa omuyimbi w’ennyimba OmuNorway Rolf Wallin ne Dayirekita Omubirigi Josse dePauw ekwata ku baana abajaasi mu [[Afirika|Afrika]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Morley |first=Christopher |date=June 9, 2008 |title=Birmingham Contemporary Music Group at CBSO Centre |url=http://www.birminghampost.net/life-leisure-birmingham-guide/birmingham-culture/classical-music-birmingham/2008/06/09/birmingham-contemporary-music-group-at-cbso-centre-65233-21045527/ |accessdate=2009-10-31 |work=Birmingham Post}} "But even more memorable was the performance of the young Ugandan actor Arthur Kisenyi, delivering a monologue of astonishing power and immediacy in this 35-minute work, and all from memory."</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 9, 2008 |title=Música: Casa da Música apresenta "Strange News", sobre as crianças-soldado em África |url=https://noticias.sapo.pt/lusa/artigo/54ffd94a8f488c0012d0f0.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725161821/http://noticias.sapo.pt/lusa/artigo/54ffd94a8f488c0012d0f0.html |archive-date=July 25, 2011 |accessdate=2009-10-31 |work=Lusa |language=Portuguese |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Peixoto |first=Isabel |date=2008-10-11 |title=Meninos-soldado em peça orquestral 2008-10-11 |url=https://jn.sapo.pt/PaginaInicial/Cultura/Interior.aspx?content_id=1025747 |accessdate=2009-10-31 |work=Jornal de Notícias |language=Portuguese}}{{dead link|date=July 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=May 16, 2007 |title=Afrikas tragedie for fullt orkester |url=http://www.nrk.no/programmer/radio/radiodokumentaren/1.2462382 |accessdate=2009-10-31 |work=NRK |language=Norwegian}}</ref> Arthur azannya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strange News - Josse de Pauw, Rolf Wallin |url=http://strange-news.info/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317173537/http://www.strange-news.info/ |archive-date=2013-03-17 |access-date=2013-01-02}}</ref> eyali omwana omujaasi mu firimu ya Rolf Wallin ne Josse De Pauw eya Strange News, omulimu omunene ddala ogw'emikutu emingi omuli ekibiina ky'abayimbi, obutambi n'amaloboozi ageetoolodde. == Obulamu n’okusoma == Yazaalibwa era n’akulira mu [[Kampala|kibuga kya Uganda ekikulu]], yawangula ekifo mu bavubuka 90 mu kugezesebwa kwa wano ku myaka 16. Nga wayise akaseera katono nga agenze e Oslo, Josse De Pauw gye yamutondera omulimu guno naddala ku lulwe. Abadde – okuva lwe yasooka okuyimba ne Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra mu mwaka gwa 2007– aze ayimba ''Strange News'' mu bibuga ebiwerako, nga mu bino mulimu Porto ne Chicago, Toronto, Brussels, Amsterdam, Stavanger, Birmingham, London n’ebirala. Yasoma katemba ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] ng’okunoonyereza kwe kwali ku ‘ngeri abantu gyebatwalamu era gyebalabamu abayimbi ku siteegi’ nga yeyambisa abazannyi ba Bakayimbira Drama beyanoonyerezaako. Mu mwaka gwe ogwakamalirizo, yalondebwa okuba dayirekita w’emizannyo asinga obulungi ne pulojekiti ye ey’okulagirira firimu ya Nikolai Gogol eya ‘Marriage’ mu 2012 yafuna endagaano ya Sharing Youth Centre Nsambya ku lw’abataata abazungu okulagirira omuzannyo ‘Loud Silence’ ogwakwata ku kukozesa abaana emirimu, okukukusa abaana n’okuteeka abaana mu buddu. Oluvannyuma omuzannyo gwe guno yagulaga ku Mbarara University of Science & Technology ne Maryhill High School Mbarara. == Emirimu == Yeyalaga abazanyi ekyokola era nazanya mu firimu ya Shakespeare eya King Lear, Gogol eya The Government Inspector n’emizannyo gy’Afirika Nga Amanita, Betrayal in the city, Voice of the people, echoes of silence n’emirala. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannayuganda bannamateeka]] qijdoar4gr617i2v9a8aena970z73ts 65759 65758 2026-07-31T11:15:25Z Lillylove256 10862 ntonzeewo ettuluba 65759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arthur Kisenyi''' (yazaalibwa 1990) [[Munnayuganda]] munnakatemba, muyimbi era omukubi w'endongo. Yatandika okuzannya katemba okw’ekikugu mu 2007 ne ''Strange News'', pulojekiti eyakolebwa omuyimbi w’ennyimba OmuNorway Rolf Wallin ne Dayirekita Omubirigi Josse dePauw ekwata ku baana abajaasi mu [[Afirika|Afrika]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Morley |first=Christopher |date=June 9, 2008 |title=Birmingham Contemporary Music Group at CBSO Centre |url=http://www.birminghampost.net/life-leisure-birmingham-guide/birmingham-culture/classical-music-birmingham/2008/06/09/birmingham-contemporary-music-group-at-cbso-centre-65233-21045527/ |accessdate=2009-10-31 |work=Birmingham Post}} "But even more memorable was the performance of the young Ugandan actor Arthur Kisenyi, delivering a monologue of astonishing power and immediacy in this 35-minute work, and all from memory."</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 9, 2008 |title=Música: Casa da Música apresenta "Strange News", sobre as crianças-soldado em África |url=https://noticias.sapo.pt/lusa/artigo/54ffd94a8f488c0012d0f0.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725161821/http://noticias.sapo.pt/lusa/artigo/54ffd94a8f488c0012d0f0.html |archive-date=July 25, 2011 |accessdate=2009-10-31 |work=Lusa |language=Portuguese |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Peixoto |first=Isabel |date=2008-10-11 |title=Meninos-soldado em peça orquestral 2008-10-11 |url=https://jn.sapo.pt/PaginaInicial/Cultura/Interior.aspx?content_id=1025747 |accessdate=2009-10-31 |work=Jornal de Notícias |language=Portuguese}}{{dead link|date=July 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=May 16, 2007 |title=Afrikas tragedie for fullt orkester |url=http://www.nrk.no/programmer/radio/radiodokumentaren/1.2462382 |accessdate=2009-10-31 |work=NRK |language=Norwegian}}</ref> Arthur azannya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strange News - Josse de Pauw, Rolf Wallin |url=http://strange-news.info/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317173537/http://www.strange-news.info/ |archive-date=2013-03-17 |access-date=2013-01-02}}</ref> eyali omwana omujaasi mu firimu ya Rolf Wallin ne Josse De Pauw eya Strange News, omulimu omunene ddala ogw'emikutu emingi omuli ekibiina ky'abayimbi, obutambi n'amaloboozi ageetoolodde. == Obulamu n’okusoma == Yazaalibwa era n’akulira mu [[Kampala|kibuga kya Uganda ekikulu]], yawangula ekifo mu bavubuka 90 mu kugezesebwa kwa wano ku myaka 16. Nga wayise akaseera katono nga agenze e Oslo, Josse De Pauw gye yamutondera omulimu guno naddala ku lulwe. Abadde – okuva lwe yasooka okuyimba ne Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra mu mwaka gwa 2007– aze ayimba ''Strange News'' mu bibuga ebiwerako, nga mu bino mulimu Porto ne Chicago, Toronto, Brussels, Amsterdam, Stavanger, Birmingham, London n’ebirala. Yasoma katemba ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] ng’okunoonyereza kwe kwali ku ‘ngeri abantu gyebatwalamu era gyebalabamu abayimbi ku siteegi’ nga yeyambisa abazannyi ba Bakayimbira Drama beyanoonyerezaako. Mu mwaka gwe ogwakamalirizo, yalondebwa okuba dayirekita w’emizannyo asinga obulungi ne pulojekiti ye ey’okulagirira firimu ya Nikolai Gogol eya ‘Marriage’ mu 2012 yafuna endagaano ya Sharing Youth Centre Nsambya ku lw’abataata abazungu okulagirira omuzannyo ‘Loud Silence’ ogwakwata ku kukozesa abaana emirimu, okukukusa abaana n’okuteeka abaana mu buddu. Oluvannyuma omuzannyo gwe guno yagulaga ku Mbarara University of Science & Technology ne Maryhill High School Mbarara. == Emirimu == Yeyalaga abazanyi ekyokola era nazanya mu firimu ya Shakespeare eya King Lear, Gogol eya The Government Inspector n’emizannyo gy’Afirika Nga Amanita, Betrayal in the city, Voice of the people, echoes of silence n’emirala. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannayuganda abazanyi ba firimu abasajja]] [[Category:Abantu abazaalibwa mu 1990]] [[Category:Abantu abaasomerako ku Ttendekero ly'e Makerere]] q1m99kfufpgfifr3a65ufwkdln6jz96 65762 65759 2026-07-31T11:17:15Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ku mutindo 65762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arthur Kisenyi''' (yazaalibwa 1990) [[Munnayuganda]] muzannyi wa firimu, muyimbi era omukubi w'endongo. Yatandika okuzannya katemba okw’ekikugu mu 2007 ne ''Strange News'', pulojekiti eyakolebwa omuyimbi w’ennyimba OmuNorway Rolf Wallin ne Dayirekita Omubirigi Josse dePauw ekwata ku baana abajaasi mu [[Afirika|Afrika]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Morley |first=Christopher |date=June 9, 2008 |title=Birmingham Contemporary Music Group at CBSO Centre |url=http://www.birminghampost.net/life-leisure-birmingham-guide/birmingham-culture/classical-music-birmingham/2008/06/09/birmingham-contemporary-music-group-at-cbso-centre-65233-21045527/ |accessdate=2009-10-31 |work=Birmingham Post}} "But even more memorable was the performance of the young Ugandan actor Arthur Kisenyi, delivering a monologue of astonishing power and immediacy in this 35-minute work, and all from memory."</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 9, 2008 |title=Música: Casa da Música apresenta "Strange News", sobre as crianças-soldado em África |url=https://noticias.sapo.pt/lusa/artigo/54ffd94a8f488c0012d0f0.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725161821/http://noticias.sapo.pt/lusa/artigo/54ffd94a8f488c0012d0f0.html |archive-date=July 25, 2011 |accessdate=2009-10-31 |work=Lusa |language=Portuguese |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Peixoto |first=Isabel |date=2008-10-11 |title=Meninos-soldado em peça orquestral 2008-10-11 |url=https://jn.sapo.pt/PaginaInicial/Cultura/Interior.aspx?content_id=1025747 |accessdate=2009-10-31 |work=Jornal de Notícias |language=Portuguese}}{{dead link|date=July 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=May 16, 2007 |title=Afrikas tragedie for fullt orkester |url=http://www.nrk.no/programmer/radio/radiodokumentaren/1.2462382 |accessdate=2009-10-31 |work=NRK |language=Norwegian}}</ref> Arthur azannya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strange News - Josse de Pauw, Rolf Wallin |url=http://strange-news.info/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317173537/http://www.strange-news.info/ |archive-date=2013-03-17 |access-date=2013-01-02}}</ref> eyali omwana omujaasi mu firimu ya Rolf Wallin ne Josse De Pauw eya Strange News, omulimu omunene ddala ogw'emikutu emingi omuli ekibiina ky'abayimbi, obutambi n'amaloboozi ageetoolodde. == Obulamu n’okusoma == Yazaalibwa era n’akulira mu [[Kampala|kibuga kya Uganda ekikulu]], yawangula ekifo mu bavubuka 90 mu kugezesebwa kwa wano ku myaka 16. Nga wayise akaseera katono nga agenze e Oslo, Josse De Pauw gye yamutondera omulimu guno naddala ku lulwe. Abadde – okuva lwe yasooka okuyimba ne Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra mu mwaka gwa 2007– aze ayimba ''Strange News'' mu bibuga ebiwerako, nga mu bino mulimu Porto ne Chicago, Toronto, Brussels, Amsterdam, Stavanger, Birmingham, London n’ebirala. Yasoma katemba ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] ng’okunoonyereza kwe kwali ku ‘ngeri abantu gyebatwalamu era gyebalabamu abayimbi ku siteegi’ nga yeyambisa abazannyi ba Bakayimbira Drama beyanoonyerezaako. Mu mwaka gwe ogwakamalirizo, yalondebwa okuba dayirekita w’emizannyo asinga obulungi ne pulojekiti ye ey’okulagirira firimu ya Nikolai Gogol eya ‘Marriage’ mu 2012 yafuna endagaano ya Sharing Youth Centre Nsambya ku lw’abataata abazungu okulagirira omuzannyo ‘Loud Silence’ ogwakwata ku kukozesa abaana emirimu, okukukusa abaana n’okuteeka abaana mu buddu. Oluvannyuma omuzannyo gwe guno yagulaga ku Mbarara University of Science & Technology ne Maryhill High School Mbarara. == Emirimu == Yeyalaga abazanyi ekyokola era nazanya mu firimu ya Shakespeare eya King Lear, Gogol eya The Government Inspector n’emizannyo gy’Afirika Nga Amanita, Betrayal in the city, Voice of the people, echoes of silence n’emirala. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannayuganda abazanyi ba firimu abasajja]] [[Category:Abantu abazaalibwa mu 1990]] [[Category:Abantu abaasomerako ku Ttendekero ly'e Makerere]] r3h9gjz6ziijp1uu9o6cm2sph2bqms9 0 13844 65742 57840 2026-07-31T07:45:41Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Nterezezza empandiika 65742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baker Mbowa''' [[Munnayuganda]] omutendesi w'omupiira. Abadde akolagana ne kiraabu z’emizannyo ez'enjawulo mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] okuli Mbale Heros Footbal Club gy'abadde omutendesi omukulu okuva mu Gwolubereberye 2025. Yakola ng’omutendesi omukulu mu [[Express FC|Express Football Club]] gyeyalina endagaano eyamala emyaka 2, Soltilo Bright Stars FC ne Uganda Revenue Authority Football Club ng’omuyambi w’omutendesi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=NBS Sport |date=2025-01-17 |title=Mbale Heroes Appoint Baker Mbowa as New Head Coach |url=https://nbssport.co.ug/2025/01/17/mbale-heroes-appoint-baker-mbowa-as-new-head-coach/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=NBS Sport |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2025-01-17 |title=Baker Mbowa appointed new Mbale Heroes Head coach |url=https://upl.co.ug/baker-mbowa-appointed-new-mbale-heroes-head-coach/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Uganda Premier League - Official Website |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2025-01-17 |title=Mbowa takes over as head coach at Mbale Heroes |url=https://kawowo.com/2025/01/17/mbowa-takes-over-as-head-coach-at-mbale-heroes/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Muyita |first=Joel |date=2024-03-05 |title=Express appoint Mbowa as new head coach |url=https://kawowo.com/2024/03/05/express-appoint-mbowa-as-new-head-coach/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Obutendesi bwa Mbowa buleetedde ttiimu okuzannya mu liigi z'eggwanga n'empaka nga Uganda Premier League ne FUFA Drum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-17 |title=Uganda Premier League: Baker Mbowa appointed as Mbale Heroes new coach |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/uganda-premier-league-baker-mbowa-appointed-as-mbale-heroes-new-coach/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2025-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250825111845/https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/uganda-premier-league-baker-mbowa-appointed-as-mbale-heroes-new-coach/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yatongozza ekifo ekiyigiriza abaana abato omupiira nga wayitibwa Baker Football Academy kiyabye mukulaakulanya emizannyo gya wano mu Uganda ne mu nsi yonna engeri gyeyali ayiseeko mu mupiira gw’ensi yonna era eyali muzannyi wa Uganda Cranes, ttiimu y’eggwanga ey’omupiira mu Uganda. Akademi ya Baker empya egoberera amateeka g’eggwanga agafuga eby'emizannyo wansi wa minisitule y’Eby'enjigiriza n’Ebyemizannyo, omuli n’ekibiina ekifuga emizannyo ekya [[Ekitongole kya Federation of Uganda Football Associations|Federation of Uganda Football Association]] (FUFA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=2021-03-28 |title=Baker Football Academy Officially Launched |url=https://chimpreports.com/baker-football-academy-officially-launched/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Mbowa yawumuzibwa abakulira kiraabu ya Uganda Revenue Authority ku mirimu gw'okubeera omumyuka w'omutendesi mu 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official: Baker Mbowa relieved off his duties – THE TAX COLLECTORS |url=https://urafc.co.ug/official-baker-mbowa-relieved-off-his-duties/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Ekitongole kya Federation of Uganda Football Associations|Federation of Uganda Football Association]] * Paul Put * Tom Ikara * [[Ismail Watenga]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} r35fxw481wzek8ketyi0ucuxlm0tzxh 65744 65742 2026-07-31T07:47:45Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 65744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Baker Mbowa''' [[Munnayuganda]] omutendesi w'omupiira. Abadde akolagana ne kiraabu z’emizannyo ez'enjawulo mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] okuli Mbale Heros Footbal Club gy'abadde omutendesi omukulu okuva mu Gwolubereberye 2025. Yakola ng’omutendesi omukulu mu [[Express FC|Express Football Club]] gyeyalina endagaano eyamala emyaka 2, Soltilo Bright Stars FC ne Uganda Revenue Authority Football Club ng’omuyambi w’omutendesi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=NBS Sport |date=2025-01-17 |title=Mbale Heroes Appoint Baker Mbowa as New Head Coach |url=https://nbssport.co.ug/2025/01/17/mbale-heroes-appoint-baker-mbowa-as-new-head-coach/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=NBS Sport |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2025-01-17 |title=Baker Mbowa appointed new Mbale Heroes Head coach |url=https://upl.co.ug/baker-mbowa-appointed-new-mbale-heroes-head-coach/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Uganda Premier League - Official Website |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2025-01-17 |title=Mbowa takes over as head coach at Mbale Heroes |url=https://kawowo.com/2025/01/17/mbowa-takes-over-as-head-coach-at-mbale-heroes/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Muyita |first=Joel |date=2024-03-05 |title=Express appoint Mbowa as new head coach |url=https://kawowo.com/2024/03/05/express-appoint-mbowa-as-new-head-coach/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Obutendesi bwa Mbowa buleetedde ttiimu okuzannya mu liigi z'eggwanga n'empaka nga Uganda Premier League ne FUFA Drum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-17 |title=Uganda Premier League: Baker Mbowa appointed as Mbale Heroes new coach |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/uganda-premier-league-baker-mbowa-appointed-as-mbale-heroes-new-coach/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2025-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250825111845/https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/uganda-premier-league-baker-mbowa-appointed-as-mbale-heroes-new-coach/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yatongozza ekifo ekiyigiriza abaana abato omupiira nga wayitibwa Baker Football Academy kiyabye mukulaakulanya emizannyo gya wano mu Uganda ne mu nsi yonna engeri gyeyali ayiseeko mu mupiira gw’ensi yonna era eyali muzannyi wa Uganda Cranes, ttiimu y’eggwanga ey’omupiira mu Uganda. Akademi ya Baker empya egoberera amateeka g’eggwanga agafuga eby'emizannyo wansi wa minisitule y’Eby'enjigiriza n’Ebyemizannyo, omuli n’ekibiina ekifuga emizannyo ekya [[Ekitongole kya Federation of Uganda Football Associations|Federation of Uganda Football Association]] (FUFA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=2021-03-28 |title=Baker Football Academy Officially Launched |url=https://chimpreports.com/baker-football-academy-officially-launched/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Mbowa yawumuzibwa abakulira kiraabu ya Uganda Revenue Authority ku mirimu gw'okubeera omumyuka w'omutendesi mu 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official: Baker Mbowa relieved off his duties – THE TAX COLLECTORS |url=https://urafc.co.ug/official-baker-mbowa-relieved-off-his-duties/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Ekitongole kya Federation of Uganda Football Associations|Federation of Uganda Football Association]] * Paul Put * Tom Ikara * [[Ismail Watenga]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bamaneja ba ttiimu y'omupiira ey'eggwanga lya Uganda]] [[Category:Bamaneja b'omupiira mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasajja abasamba omupiira]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] 4nip43cjx9dunmy7yid8cy5yitu01c2 14 15300 65745 2026-07-31T07:48:19Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 65745 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebamaneja ba ttiimu y'omupiira ey'eggwanga lya Uganda nccjh7tbxi9sqfv4pidmmy657l1gz30 14 15301 65760 2026-07-31T11:15:53Z Lillylove256 10862 ngasseeko amatuluba 65760 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be Bannayuganda abazanyi ba firimu abasajja h051crw3qfvkhdgc6asfn0wno0433a0 14 15302 65761 2026-07-31T11:16:28Z Lillylove256 10862 ngasseeko amatuluba 65761 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abazaalibwa mu 1990 q616bnp632azd2xqn0do1ob4wlofz3y